小白都能看得懂的Java类克隆

小白都能看得懂的Java类克隆

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一个对象同时赋值给多个变量，当修改其中某一个对象时，其他对象的值会不会被修改？

答案时肯定的，因为引用的只是某一个对象的地址值，这几个对象存储的只是该对象在内存中的地址，所以他们访问的是同一个值。

实例：

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;
}
public class TestMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User user1 = new User();
        user1.setName("小王");
        user1.setAge(18);
        System.out.println(user1);
        User user2 = user1;
        user2.setName("小刘");
        user2.setAge(20);
        System.out.println(user1);
    }
}
//结果
User{name='小王', age=18}
User{name='小刘', age=20}

今天在项目中就范了这样的错误，在需要临时记录某一个对象时直接进行了赋值，导致后面出bug找了好半天。

在遇到需要临时记录某一对象时，可以采用对象克隆的方法，下面试试对象克隆。

对象的克隆

一、浅克隆

要求实体类实现cloneable接口并重写clone()方法

克隆的对象和原对象共用引用类型，即修改克隆对象的引用类型，原对象的引用类型也会被修改，例如：

public class User implements Cloneable{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private School school;
    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}
public class School {
    private String schoolName;
    private String address;
}
public class TestMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        User user1 = new User();
        School school = new School();
        school.setSchoolName("太阳小学");
        school.setAddress("北京");
        user1.setName("小王");
        user1.setAge(18);
        user1.setSchool(school);
        System.out.println(user1);
        
        User clone = (User)user1.clone();
        clone.setName("小陈");
        clone.setAge(22);
        clone.getSchool().setAddress("上海");
        clone.getSchool().setSchoolName("月亮小学");
        System.out.println("user1:"+user1);
        System.out.println("clone:"+clone);
    }
}
//结果
user1:User{name='小刘', age=20, school=School{schoolName='月亮小学', address='上海'}}
clone:User{name='小陈', age=22, school=School{schoolName='月亮小学', address='上海'}}

分析：可以看到在克隆后的对象中设置name和age并不会影响原来对象的属性值，但是在修改school属性时则造成了影响，这就是浅克隆，只能克隆非引用类型的属性，但是String是个特殊的例子，因为string是被final修饰的暂时把他看作数据类型，后面我会再研究一下这个问题。

如果想要让对象中的引用类型也被克隆怎么办？？

二、深度克隆

要求类中的引用类型也实现clone接口，并重写clone()方法：

public class User implements Cloneable{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private School school;
    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}
public class School implements Cloneable{
    private String schoolName;
    private String address;
    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}
public class TestMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        User user1 = new User();
        School school = new School();
        school.setSchoolName("太阳小学");
        school.setAddress("北京");
        user1.setName("小王");
        user1.setAge(18);
        user1.setSchool(school);
        System.out.println(user1);
        
        User clone = (User)user1.clone();
        clone.setName("小陈");
        clone.setAge(22);
        clone.getSchool().setAddress("上海");
        clone.getSchool().setSchoolName("月亮小学");
        System.out.println("user1:"+user1);
        System.out.println("clone:"+clone);
    }
}
//结果
user1:User{name='小刘', age=20, school=School{schoolName='月亮小学', address='上海'}}
clone:User{name='小陈', age=22, school=School{schoolName='月亮小学', address='上海'}}

但是明明重写了school的clone方法为什么没有用呢？

原因是虽然school重写了clone方法但是没有谁调用过，也就不会起作用了，那要在哪调用呢？当然是哪里定义哪里调用了，所以就需要在user类中去调用school的clone方法。

修改后：

public class User implements Cloneable{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private School school;
    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        User user = (User)super.clone();
        School school = (School)school.clone();
        user.setSchool(school);
        return user;
    }
}
public class School implements Cloneable{
    private String schoolName;
    private String address;
    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}
public class TestMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        User user1 = new User();
        School school = new School();
        school.setSchoolName("太阳小学");
        school.setAddress("北京");
        user1.setName("小王");
        user1.setAge(18);
        user1.setSchool(school);
        System.out.println(user1);
        
        User clone = (User)user1.clone();
        clone.setName("小陈");
        clone.setAge(22);
        clone.getSchool().setAddress("上海");
        clone.getSchool().setSchoolName("月亮小学");
        System.out.println("user1:"+user1);
        System.out.println("clone:"+clone);
    }
}
//结果
user1:User{name='小刘', age=20, school=School{schoolName='太阳小学', address='北京'}}
clone:User{name='小陈', age=22, school=School{schoolName='月亮小学', address='上海'}}

以上就是Java中的克隆的用法，我也作为一次填坑记录一下！！peace！！