第六部分-多线程-003生产者与消费者-002问题探究

1、生产者消费者程序执行流

2、常见问题1：无限等待
原因：如上图所示，第一次(i=0)消费者执行完了一次函数，那次函数else语句后面没有执行，因此消费者少执行一次
解决办法：去掉else

错误代码：

public class Test1{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Clerk clerk = new Clerk();
        Producer pro = new Producer(clerk);
        Consumer cus = new Consumer(clerk);
        new Thread(pro, "生产者A").start();
        new Thread(cus, "消费者B").start();
    }
}

//仓库类
class Clerk {
    private int product = 0;
    //进货
    public synchronized void get() {
        if (product >= 1) {
            System.out.println("仓库已满");
            try {
                //在仓库已满时才进行等待
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }else {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + ++product);
            //当仓库内存在货物时,通知线程可以进行卖货了
            this.notifyAll();
        }

    }
    //卖货
    public synchronized void sale() {
        if (product <= 0) {
            System.out.println("缺货");
            try {
                //在仓库缺货时才进行等待
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }else {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + --product);
            //通知线程可以进行进货了,存在空位
            this.notifyAll();
        }
    }
}

//生产者类
class Producer implements Runnable {
    private Clerk clerk;
    public Producer(Clerk clerk) {
        this.clerk = clerk;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            clerk.get();
        }
    }
}

//消费者类
class Consumer implements Runnable {
    private Clerk clerk;
    public Consumer(Clerk clerk) {
        this.clerk = clerk;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            clerk.sale();
        }
    }
}

3、虚假唤醒
即：出现-1的情况

虚假唤醒：
假设A、B、C、D中，AB为生产者、CD为消费者；当产品数量为0时，C先进去锁，然后wait；此时，D也进去锁，wait；然后A进去，生产了一个产品，在唤醒其他线程；B会执行之后的–方法执行完毕，D在执行一次–方法，变成-1；
原因：
if完了，会执行后边的语句；
解决方法：
if条件换成while判断

错误代码：

public class Test1{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Clerk clerk = new Clerk();
        Producer pro = new Producer(clerk);
        Consumer cus = new Consumer(clerk);
        new Thread(pro, "生产者A").start();
        new Thread(cus, "消费者B").start();
        new Thread(pro, "生产者C").start();
        new Thread(cus, "消费者D").start();
    }
}

//仓库类
class Clerk {
    private int product = 0;
    //进货
    public synchronized void get() {
        if (product >= 1) {
            System.out.println("仓库已满");
            try {
                //在仓库已满时才进行等待
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + ++product);
        //当仓库内存在货物时,通知线程可以进行卖货了
        this.notifyAll();


    }
    //卖货
    public synchronized void sale() {
        if (product <= 0) {
            System.out.println("缺货");
            try {
                //在仓库缺货时才进行等待
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + --product);
        //通知线程可以进行进货了,存在空位
        this.notifyAll();
    }
}

//生产者类
class Producer implements Runnable {
    private Clerk clerk;

    public Producer(Clerk clerk) {
        this.clerk = clerk;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            clerk.get();
        }
    }
}

//消费者类
class Consumer implements Runnable {
    private Clerk clerk;

    public Consumer(Clerk clerk) {
        this.clerk = clerk;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            clerk.sale();
        }
    }
}