模板方法模式——基于headfirst的案例讲解

模板方法存在的意义是为了有一个流程，让一些流程相似的事物按照流程走
，流程中不同的步骤可以列为抽象方法，让子类重写。

就是定义一个算法的骨架，而一些步骤延迟到子类中。模板方法使得子类不改变算法结构的情况下，重新定义算法中的某些步骤。

case1 不带钩子的模板方法

现在将煮咖啡和煮茶视为一个模板，因为brew和addCondiments步骤不相同，所以列为抽象方法。

CaffeineBeverage类，里面有模板方法prepareRecipe()，这里列为final

public abstract class CaffeineBeverage {
  
	final void prepareRecipe() {
		boilWater();
		brew();
		pourInCup();
		addCondiments();
	}
 
	abstract void brew();
  
	abstract void addCondiments();
 
	void boilWater() {
		System.out.println("Boiling water");
	}
  
	void pourInCup() {
		System.out.println("Pouring into cup");
	}
}

coffee类

public class Coffee extends CaffeineBeverage {
	public void brew() {
		System.out.println("Dripping Coffee through filter");
	}
	public void addCondiments() {
		System.out.println("Adding Sugar and Milk");
	}
}

tea类

public class Tea extends CaffeineBeverage {
	public void brew() {
		System.out.println("Steeping the tea");
	}
	public void addCondiments() {
		System.out.println("Adding Lemon");
	}
}

case2 带钩子的模板方法

钩子让子类决定要不要一下算法中的步骤，如在case1的基础上改变
根据输入来判断要不要加料

CaffeineBeverageWithHook类

public abstract class CaffeineBeverageWithHook {
 
	void prepareRecipe() {
		boilWater();
		brew();
		pourInCup();
		if (customerWantsCondiments()) {
			addCondiments();
		}
	}
 
	abstract void brew();
 
	abstract void addCondiments();
 
	void boilWater() {
		System.out.println("Boiling water");
	}
 
	void pourInCup() {
		System.out.println("Pouring into cup");
	}
 
	boolean customerWantsCondiments() {
		return true;
	}
}

CoffeeWithHook类

public class CoffeeWithHook extends CaffeineBeverageWithHook {
 
	public void brew() {
		System.out.println("Dripping Coffee through filter");
	}
 
	public void addCondiments() {
		System.out.println("Adding Sugar and Milk");
	}
 
	public boolean customerWantsCondiments() {

		String answer = getUserInput();

		if (answer.toLowerCase().startsWith("y")) {
			return true;
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}
 
	private String getUserInput() {
		String answer = null;

		System.out.print("Would you like milk and sugar with your coffee (y/n)? ");

		BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		try {
			answer = in.readLine();
		} catch (IOException ioe) {
			System.err.println("IO error trying to read your answer");
		}
		if (answer == null) {
			return "no";
		}
		return answer;
	}
}

TeaWithHook类

public class TeaWithHook extends CaffeineBeverageWithHook {
 
	public void brew() {
		System.out.println("Steeping the tea");
	}
 
	public void addCondiments() {
		System.out.println("Adding Lemon");
	}
 
	public boolean customerWantsCondiments() {

		String answer = getUserInput();

		if (answer.toLowerCase().startsWith("y")) {
			return true;
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}
 
	private String getUserInput() {
		// get the user's response
		String answer = null;

		System.out.print("Would you like milk and sugar with your coffee (y/n)? ");

		BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		try {
			answer = in.readLine();
		} catch (IOException ioe) {
			System.err.println("IO error trying to read your answer");
		}
		if (answer == null) {
			return "no";
		}
		return answer;
	}
}