错误信息errno

在Linux/Unix系统中，系统调用时会将执行后的附加信息(错误)存入整形变量errno。errno由操作系统维护，存储就近发生的错误码，并且下一次会覆盖上一次的值，故使用时仅在调用出错时检验输出其值。

注意：

如果没有出错,则errno的值不会被一个例程清除。

任一函数都不会将errno的值设置为0,在<errno.h>中定义的所有常量都不为0。

每个线程都有属于它自己的局部 errno 以避免一个线程干扰另一个线程。

#include <string.h>

char *strerror(int errnum);   //strerror根据输入的errno值返回对应的描述信息

#include <stdio.h>

void perror(const char *msg); //perror会直接输出：msg 指向的字符串+冒号+空格+当前errno 值的出错信息+换行符

头文件：<errno.h>

errno对应值：

• Linux中，在头文件 /usr/include/asm-generic/errno-base.h 对基础常用errno进行了宏定义：
• #ifndef _ASM_GENERIC_ERRNO_BASE_H
• #define _ASM_GENERIC_ERRNO_BASE_H
• #define EPERM        1  /* Operation not permitted */
• #define ENOENT       2  /* No such file or directory */
• #define ESRCH         3  /* No such process */
• #define EINTR           4  /* Interrupted system call */
• #define EIO                5  /* I/O error */
• #define ENXIO           6  /* No such device or address */
• #define E2BIG            7  /* Argument list too long */
• #define ENOEXEC     8  /* Exec format error */
• #define EBADF           9  /* Bad file number */
• #define ECHILD         10  /* No child processes */
• #define EAGAIN         11  /* Try again */
• #define ENOMEM       12  /* Out of memory */
• #define EACCES         13  /* Permission denied */
• #define EFAULT          14  /* Bad address */
• #define ENOTBLK       15  /* Block device required */
• #define EBUSY           16  /* Device or resource busy */
• #define EEXIST           17  /* File exists */
• #define EXDEV           18  /* Cross-device link */
• #define ENODEV        19  /* No such device */
• #define ENOTDIR       20  /* Not a directory */
• #define EISDIR      21  /* Is a directory */
• #define EINVAL      22  /* Invalid argument */
• #define ENFILE      23  /* File table overflow */
• #define EMFILE      24  /* Too many open files */
• #define ENOTTY      25  /* Not a typewriter */
• #define ETXTBSY     26  /* Text file busy */
• #define EFBIG       27  /* File too large */
• #define ENOSPC      28  /* No space left on device */
• #define ESPIPE      29  /* Illegal seek */
• #define EROFS       30  /* Read-only file system */
• #define EMLINK      31  /* Too many links */
• #define EPIPE       32  /* Broken pipe */
• #define EDOM        33  /* Math argument out of domain of func */
• #define ERANGE      34  /* Math result not representable */
•  
• #endif
• 在 /usr/include/asm-asm-generic/errno.h 中，对剩余的errno做了宏定义：
• #ifndef _ASM_GENERIC_ERRNO_H
• #define _ASM_GENERIC_ERRNO_H
•  
• #include <asm-generic/errno-base.h>
• #define EDEADLK     35  /* Resource deadlock would occur */
• #define ENAMETOOLONG    36  /* File name too long */
• #define ENOLCK      37  /* No record locks available */
• #define ENOSYS      38  /* Function not implemented */
• #define ENOTEMPTY   39  /* Directory not empty */
• #define ELOOP       40  /* Too many symbolic links encountered */
• #define EWOULDBLOCK EAGAIN  /* Operation would block */
• #define ENOMSG      42  /* No message of desired type */
• #define EIDRM       43  /* Identifier removed */
• #define ECHRNG      44  /* Channel number out of range */
• #define EL2NSYNC    45  /* Level 2 not synchronized */
• #define EL3HLT      46  /* Level 3 halted */
• #define EL3RST      47  /* Level 3 reset */
• #define ELNRNG      48  /* Link number out of range */
• #define EUNATCH     49  /* Protocol driver not attached */
• #define ENOCSI      50  /* No CSI structure available */
• #define EL2HLT      51  /* Level 2 halted */
• #define EBADE       52  /* Invalid exchange */
• #define EBADR       53  /* Invalid request descriptor */
• #define EXFULL      54  /* Exchange full */
• #define ENOANO      55  /* No anode */
• #define EBADRQC     56  /* Invalid request code */
• #define EBADSLT     57  /* Invalid slot */
•  
• #define EDEADLOCK   EDEADLK
•  
• #define EBFONT      59  /* Bad font file format */
• #define ENOSTR      60  /* Device not a stream */
• #define ENODATA     61  /* No data available */
• #define ETIME       62  /* Timer expired */
• #define ENOSR       63  /* Out of streams resources */
• #define ENONET      64  /* Machine is not on the network */
• #define ENOPKG      65  /* Package not installed */
• #define EREMOTE     66  /* Object is remote */
• #define ENOLINK     67  /* Link has been severed */
• #define EADV        68  /* Advertise error */
• #define ESRMNT      69  /* Srmount error */
• #define ECOMM       70  /* Communication error on send */
• #define EPROTO      71  /* Protocol error */
• #define EMULTIHOP   72  /* Multihop attempted */
• #define EDOTDOT     73  /* RFS specific error */
• #define EBADMSG     74  /* Not a data message */
• #define EOVERFLOW   75  /* Value too large for defined data type */
• #define ENOTUNIQ    76  /* Name not unique on network */
• #define EBADFD      77  /* File descriptor in bad state */
• #define EREMCHG     78  /* Remote address changed */
• #define ELIBACC     79  /* Can not access a needed shared library */
• #define ELIBBAD     80  /* Accessing a corrupted shared library */
• #define ELIBSCN     81  /* .lib section in a.out corrupted */
• #define ELIBMAX     82  /* Attempting to link in too many shared libraries */
• #define ELIBEXEC    83  /* Cannot exec a shared library directly */
• #define EILSEQ      84  /* Illegal byte sequence */
• #define ERESTART    85  /* Interrupted system call should be restarted */
• #define ESTRPIPE    86  /* Streams pipe error */
• #define EUSERS      87  /* Too many users */
• #define ENOTSOCK    88  /* Socket operation on non-socket */
• #define EDESTADDRREQ    89  /* Destination address required */
• #define EMSGSIZE    90  /* Message too long */
• #define EPROTOTYPE  91  /* Protocol wrong type for socket */
• #define ENOPROTOOPT 92  /* Protocol not available */
• #define EPROTONOSUPPORT 93  /* Protocol not supported */
• #define ESOCKTNOSUPPORT 94  /* Socket type not supported */
• #define EOPNOTSUPP  95  /* Operation not supported on transport endpoint */
• #define EPFNOSUPPORT    96  /* Protocol family not supported */
• #define EAFNOSUPPORT    97  /* Address family not supported by protocol */
• #define EADDRINUSE  98  /* Address already in use */
• #define EADDRNOTAVAIL   99  /* Cannot assign requested address */
• #define ENETDOWN    100 /* Network is down */
• #define ENETUNREACH 101 /* Network is unreachable */
• #define ENETRESET   102 /* Network dropped connection because of reset */
• #define ECONNABORTED    103 /* Software caused connection abort */
• #define ECONNRESET  104 /* Connection reset by peer */
• #define ENOBUFS     105 /* No buffer space available */
• #define EISCONN     106 /* Transport endpoint is already connected */
• #define ENOTCONN    107 /* Transport endpoint is not connected */
• #define ESHUTDOWN   108 /* Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown */
• #define ETOOMANYREFS    109 /* Too many references: cannot splice */
• #define ETIMEDOUT   110 /* Connection timed out */
• #define ECONNREFUSED    111 /* Connection refused */
• #define EHOSTDOWN   112 /* Host is down */
• #define EHOSTUNREACH    113 /* No route to host */
• #define EALREADY    114 /* Operation already in progress */
• #define EINPROGRESS 115 /* Operation now in progress */
• #define ESTALE      116 /* Stale file handle */
• #define EUCLEAN     117 /* Structure needs cleaning */
• #define ENOTNAM     118 /* Not a XENIX named type file */
• #define ENAVAIL     119 /* No XENIX semaphores available */
• #define EISNAM      120 /* Is a named type file */
• #define EREMOTEIO   121 /* Remote I/O error */
• #define EDQUOT      122 /* Quota exceeded */
• #define ENOMEDIUM   123 /* No medium found */
• #define EMEDIUMTYPE 124 /* Wrong medium type */
• #define ECANCELED   125 /* Operation Canceled */
• #define ENOKEY      126 /* Required key not available */
• #define EKEYEXPIRED 127 /* Key has expired */
• #define EKEYREVOKED 128 /* Key has been revoked */
• #define EKEYREJECTED    129 /* Key was rejected by service */
• /* for robust mutexes */
• #define EOWNERDEAD  130 /* Owner died */
• #define ENOTRECOVERABLE 131 /* State not recoverable */
• #define ERFKILL     132 /* Operation not possible due to RF-kill */
• #define EHWPOISON   133 /* Memory page has hardware error */
• #endif