springMVC
- helloword
创建web项目
项目结构
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="3.0">
<servlet>
<!-- 可以改成springmvc默认的配置文件: /WEB-INF/<servlet-name>-servlet.xml-->
<servlet-name>springDispatchServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springDispatchServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
springmvc.xml
<!-- 配置自定扫描的包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvc"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置视图解析器:如何把hander方法返回值解析为实际的物理视图-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
controller类
@Controller
public class HelloWord {
/**
* 1. 使用 @RequestMapping 注解来映射请求的 URL
* 2. 返回值会通过视图解析器解析为实际的物理视图, 对于 InternalResourceViewResolver 视图解析器, 会做如下的解析:
* 通过 prefix + returnVal + 后缀 这样的方式得到实际的物理视图, 然会做转发操作
*
* /WEB-INF/views/success.jsp
*
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/helloworld")
public String hello(){
System.out.println("Hello word");
return "success";
}
}
运行 访问localhost:8080/helloword
- @RequestMapping
使用 @RequestMapping 映射请求
• Spring MVC 使用 @RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可
以处理哪些 URL 请求
• 在控制器的类定义及方法定义处都可标注
@RequestMapping
– 类定义处:提供初步的请求映射信息。相对于 WEB 应用的根目录
– 方法处:提供进一步的细分映射信息。相对于类定义处的 URL。若
类定义处未标注 @RequestMapping,则方法处标记的 URL 相对于
WEB 应用的根目录
• DispatcherServlet 截获请求后,就通过控制器上
@RequestMapping 提供的映射信息确定请求所对应的处理
方法。 - 指定请求方式为post
@RequestMapping(value = "/testPost",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String testPost(){
System.out.println("testPost");
return "success";
}
//请求必须指定为post方式
<form action="/testPost" method="post">
<input type="submit" value="post请求">
</form>
- 带参数请求
@RequestMapping(value = "/testparam",params ={ "username","age!=10"})
public String testparam(){
System.out.println("Testparam");
return "success";
}
//测试
http://localhost:8080/testparam?username=springmvc&age=11
//必须满足参数条件才能请求成功
- Ant 风格
资源地址支持 3 种匹配符:
– ?:匹配文件名中的一个字符
– :匹配文件名中的任意字符
– : 匹配多层路径
• @RequestMapping 还支持 Ant 风格的 URL:
– /user//createUser: 匹配
/user/aaa/createUser、/user/bbb/createUser 等 URL
– /user/**/createUser: 匹配
/user/createUser、/user/aaa/bbb/createUser 等 URL
– /user/createUser??: 匹配
/user/createUseraa、/user/createUserbb 等 URL
@RequestMapping("/testantPath/*/abc")
public String antPath(){
System.out.println("Hello word antPath");
return "success";
}
<a href="testantPath/fdgdhtd/abc">testantPath/*/abc</a>
- @PathVariable
@RequestMapping("/testPathVaribale/{id}")
public String testPathVaribale(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("PathVariable"+id);
return "success";
}
<a href="testPathVaribale/11">testPathVaribale</a>
- REST
示例:
/order/1HTTP GET:得到id= 1 的order
–/order/1HTTP DELETE:删除id = 1的order
–/order/1HTTP PUT:更新id = 1的order
–/order HTTP POST:新增order
–HiddenHttpMethodFilter:浏览器form 表单只支持GET •与POST 请求,而DELETE、PUT 等method 并不支持,Spring3.0 添加了一个过滤器,可以将这些请求转换为标准的http 方法,使得支持GET、POST、PUT 与DELETE 请求
/*
GET 查询
DELETE 删除
PUT 修改
POST 新增
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/testRest/{id}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String testRest(@PathVariable Integer id){
System.out.println("testRest GET"+id);
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/testRest/{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String testRestDelete(@PathVariable Integer id){
System.out.println("testRest DELETE"+id);
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/testRest/{id}",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public String testRestPut(@PathVariable Integer id){
System.out.println("testRest PUT"+id);
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/testRest",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String testRestPost(@PathVariable Integer id){
System.out.println("testRest Post"+id);
return "success";
}
<form action="springmvc/testRest/1" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
<input type="submit" value="TestRest PUT">
</form>
</form>
<form action="springmvc/testRest/1" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
<input type="submit" value="TestRest DELETE"
</form
- @RequestParam
/**
* @RequestParam 来映射请求参数. value 值即请求参数的参数名 required 该参数是否必须. 默认为 true
* defaultValue 请求参数的默认值
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/testRequestParam")
public String testRequestParam(
@RequestParam(value = "username") String un, //username对应页面参数名 un等于定义为un
@RequestParam(value = "age", required = false, defaultValue = "0") int age) {
System.out.println("testRequestParam, username: " + un + ", age: "
+ age);
return "success";
}
<a href="springmvc/testRequestParam?username=张无忌&age=11">Test RequestParam</a>