【MySQL】三、MySQL常用命令（导入初始化数据，查看表结构和表中的数据，其他常用命令）

1. 创建数据库

1.查看数据库
show database; 

2.创建数据库
create database mydata;

3.使用指定数据库
use mydata;

4.查看当前数据库中有哪些表
show tables;

5.初始化数据
source D:\xxx\xxx\xxx.sql

以上都不是SQL语句，属于MySQL的命令。

查看所有用户的权限
select * from mysql.user\G

2. 查看表

2.1 查看当前数据库中的表

show tables;

mysql> show tables; 
+-------------------------------+
| Tables_in_bjpowernode 		|
+-------------------------------+
| dept                  		|  #（部门表）
| emp                   		|  #（员工表）
| salgrade              		|  #（工资等级表）
+-------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2.2 查看表结构

desc 表名;

mysql> desc dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field  | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| DEPTNO | int(2)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |	 # 部门编号
| DNAME  | varchar(14) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |  # 部门名称
| LOC    | varchar(13) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |  # 部门位置
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> desc emp;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| EMPNO    | int(4)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |  # 员工标号
| ENAME    | varchar(10) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |  # 员工姓名
| JOB      | varchar(9)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |  # 员工岗位
| MGR      | int(4)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       |  # 上级领导编号
| HIREDATE | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |  # 入职日期
| SAL      | double(7,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |  # 月薪
| COMM     | double(7,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |  # 补助/津贴
| DEPTNO   | int(2)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       |  # 部门编号
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc salgrade;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| GRADE | int(11) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |  # 等级
| LOSAL | int(11) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |  # 最低薪资
| HISAL | int(11) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |  # 最高薪资
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2.3 查看表中的数据

select * from 表名;

mysql> select * from dept;
+--------+------------+----------+
| DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      |
+--------+------------+----------+
|     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
+--------+------------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL     | COMM    | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |
|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |
|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 |    0.00 |     30 |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 |    NULL |     10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from salgrade;
+-------+-------+-------+
| GRADE | LOSAL | HISAL |
+-------+-------+-------+
|     1 |   700 |  1200 |
|     2 |  1201 |  1400 |
|     3 |  1401 |  2000 |
|     4 |  2001 |  3000 |
|     5 |  3001 |  9999 |
+-------+-------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4. 其他常用命令

(1) 查看当前使用的数据库

select database();

mysql> select database();
+-------------+
| database()  |
+-------------+
| bjpowernode |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

(2) 查看数据库版本

select version();

mysql> select version();
+------------+
| version()  |
+------------+
| 5.7.25-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（3）查看其他数据库中的表；

show tables from 表名;

mysql> show tables from info;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_info |
+----------------+
| college        |
| course         |
| role           |
| selectedcourse |
| student        |
| teacher        |
| userlogin      |
+----------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（4）查看表的创建语句

show create table 表名;

mysql> show create table emp;
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| emp   | CREATE TABLE `emp` (
  `EMPNO` int(4) NOT NULL,
  `ENAME` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  `JOB` varchar(9) DEFAULT NULL,
  `MGR` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
  `HIREDATE` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `SAL` double(7,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `COMM` double(7,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `DEPTNO` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`EMPNO`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)