SpringMVC学习笔记1_入门案例

知识

服务端B/S架构程序分成三层架构

1.表现层：web层，用来和客户端进行数据交互（一般使用MVC模型）
2.业务层：service层，处理具体业务逻辑
3.持久层：dao层，操作数据库

MVC模型

Model View Controller 模型-视图-控制器
1.Model：通常是数据模型，JavaBean的类。用来进行数据封装
2.View：通常是视图，JSP、HTML。用来展示数据给用户
3.Controller：通常是控制器，Servlet。用来处理用户交互，进行数据校验等

SpringMVC

通过一套注解，让一个简单的Java类成为处理请求的控制器，而无须实现任何接口。

入门

搭建开发的环境

1.创建web工程

?解决maven项目创建过慢的问题

Add Maven Properties里填的东西¹

2.目录结构补全

标记：
java目录 – make directory as sources root
resource目录 – make directory as resources root

3.配置tomcat

代码部分

pom.xml
引入开发的jar包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>springmvc_01start</name>
    <groupId>com.snl</groupId>
    <artifactId>springmvc_01start</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <!--版本锁定-->
        <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <build>
        <finalName>springmvc_day01_01_start</finalName>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.7.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.20.1</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.2.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.5.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.8.2</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

web.xml
src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml
配置核心控制器DispatcherServlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app version="2.4"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
         http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <!--配置前端控制器-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    
    <!--配置初始化参数，用于读取SpringMVC的配置文件-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    
    <!--配置servlet启动时加载对象。
    取值只能是非0正整数，表示启动顺序-->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

springmvc.xml
src/main/resources/springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--开启注解扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.snl"></context:component-scan>

    <!--视图解析器对象-->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--配置spring开启注解 mvc的支持-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
    
</beans>

index.jsp
src/main/webapp/index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h3>入门程序</h3>
    <a href="hello">入门程序</a>
</body>
</html>

HelloController
src/main/java/com/snl/controller/HelloController
控制器类

@Controller
@RequestMapping
public class HelloController {

    /**
     * 入门案例
     * /hello
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(path = "/hello")
    public String sayHello() {
        System.out.println("Hello StringMVC");
        return "success";
    }
}

success.jsp
src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp
成功页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h3>入门成功</h3>
</body>
</html>

---

1. Name:archetypeCatalog
   Value:internal ↩︎