原型设计模式
一、原型介绍
原型模式是创建型设计模式。
通过原型实例指定创建对象的种类，并且通过拷贝原型，创建新的对象。
原型类A，原型实例A1，通过拷贝原型实例A1，创建多个A的原型实列A2，A3…
类似于西游记孙悟空拔出猴毛，变出与其要一模一样的孙悟空。
我有类A，我new 了一个实例a1。当我想要再创建跟a1一样的实例时，我们最简单的做法就是继续new一个实例a2，然后将a1中的属性获取并赋值给a2，这样我们就得到了一个与a1一样的实例a2。
但是这样的做法如果遇到new的对象比较复杂时，效率很低。而且总是重新初始化对象，而不是动态的获得对象运行时的状态，不够灵活
二、Java中的原型使用
在Java中Object类是所有类的根类，Object类提供了一个clone()方法，该方法可以将一个Java对象复制一份，但是需要实现clone的Java类必须要实现一个接口Cloneable，该接口表示该类能够复制且具有复制的能力
三、普通方式拷贝对象
通过new创建一个新的对象（羊），然后将原型实例（懒羊羊）的属性值赋值到新的对象（羊），这样就成功拷贝（克隆）了一个新的懒羊羊
/**
* @Author: dashu
* @Description: 羊
* @Date: 22:52
* @Version: 1.0
*/
public class Sheep {
/**
* 名字
*/
private String name;
/**
* 年龄
*/
private int age;
/**
* 颜色
*/
private String colour;
public Sheep(String name, int age, String colour) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.colour = colour;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getColour() {
return colour;
}
public void setColour(String colour) {
this.colour = colour;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Sheep{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", colour='" + colour + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
/**
* @Author: dashu
* @Description: 克隆羊
* @Date: 22:55
* @Version: 1.0
*/
public class CloneSheep {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Sheep sheep = new Sheep("懒羊羊", 12, "白色");
Sheep sheep1 = new Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColour());
Sheep sheep2 = new Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColour());
Sheep sheep3 = new Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColour());
sheep.setColour("黑色");
Sheep sheep4 = new Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColour());
Sheep sheep5 = new Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColour());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("原型懒羊羊hashCode："+sheep.hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊1号hashCode："+sheep1.hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep1.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊2号hashCode："+sheep2.hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep2.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊3号hashCode："+sheep3.hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep3.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊4号hashCode："+sheep4.hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep4.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊5号hashCode："+sheep5.hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep5.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
}
}
四、Java原型拷贝
原型实现一个接口Cloneable，重写方法clone。
以后原型实例的拷贝，只需调用方法clone就可以动态的拷贝创建一个新的对象
/**
* @Author: dashu
* @Description: 羊
* @Date: 22:52
* @Version: 1.0
*/
public class Sheep implements Cloneable{
/**
* 名字
*/
private String name;
/**
* 年龄
*/
private int age;
/**
* 颜色
*/
private String colour;
public Sheep(String name, int age, String colour) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.colour = colour;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getColour() {
return colour;
}
public void setColour(String colour) {
this.colour = colour;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Sheep{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", colour='" + colour + '\'' +
'}';
}
/**
*浅拷贝
*/
@Override
protected Sheep clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Sheep sheep = (Sheep) super.clone();
return sheep;
}
}
/**
* @Author: dashu
* @Description: 克隆羊
* @Date: 22:55
* @Version: 1.0
*/
public class CloneSheep{
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Sheep sheep = new Sheep("懒羊羊", 12, "白色");
Sheep sheep1 = sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep2 = sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep3 = sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep4 = sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep5 = sheep.clone();
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("原型懒羊羊hashCode："+sheep.hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊1号hashCode："+sheep1.hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep1.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊2号hashCode："+sheep2.hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep2.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊3号hashCode："+sheep3.hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep3.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊4号hashCode："+sheep4.hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep4.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊5号hashCode："+sheep5.hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep5.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
}
}
五、浅拷贝和深拷贝
1、浅拷贝
对数据类型是基本数据类型的成员变量，浅拷贝会直接进行值传递，也就是将属性值复制一份给新的对象。
而对于数据类型是引用数据类型的成员变量，比如说成员变量是一个数组、一个集合或某个类的对象等，那么浅拷贝会进行引用（内存地址）传递，也就是只是将该成员变量的引用值（内存地址）复制一份给新的对象。因为实际上两个对象的成员变量都指向同一个实例。在这种情况下，在一个对象中修改该成员变量会影响到另外一个对象该成员变量值
目录4（Java原型拷贝），克隆羊案例就是浅拷贝
浅拷贝默认使用clone方法来实现
2、深拷贝
（1）实现接口：Cloneable
/**
* @Author: dashu
* @Description: 狼
* @Date: 2022/3/30 23:31
* @Version: 1.0
*/
public class Wolf implements Cloneable{
/**
* 名字
*/
private String name;
/**
* 年龄
*/
private int age;
/**
* 颜色
*/
private String colour;
public Wolf(String name, int age, String colour) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.colour = colour;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getColour() {
return colour;
}
public void setColour(String colour) {
this.colour = colour;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "[" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", colour='" + colour + '\'' +
']';
}
@Override
protected Wolf clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Wolf wolf = (Wolf) super.clone();
return wolf;
}
}
/**
* @Author: dashu
* @Description: 羊
* @Date: 22:52
* @Version: 1.0
*/
public class Sheep implements Cloneable{
/**
* 名字
*/
private String name;
/**
* 年龄
*/
private int age;
/**
* 颜色
*/
private String colour;
/**
* 狼朋友
*/
private Wolf wolf;
public Sheep(String name, int age, String colour) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.colour = colour;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getColour() {
return colour;
}
public void setColour(String colour) {
this.colour = colour;
}
public Wolf getWolf() {
return wolf;
}
public void setWolf(Wolf wolf) {
this.wolf = wolf;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Sheep{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", colour='" + colour + '\'' +
", wolf=" + wolf.toString() +
'}';
}
/**
*深拷贝
*/
@Override
protected Sheep clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Sheep sheep = (Sheep) super.clone();
Wolf wolf = sheep.getWolf();
Wolf wolf2 = wolf.clone();
sheep.setWolf(wolf2);
return sheep;
}
}
/**
* @Author: dashu
* @Description: 克隆羊
* @Date: 22:55
* @Version: 1.0
*/
public class CloneSheep {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Sheep sheep = new Sheep("懒羊羊", 12, "白色");
sheep.setWolf(new Wolf("小灰灰",6,"灰色"));
Sheep sheep1 = sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep2 = sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep3 = sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep4 = sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep5 = sheep.clone();
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("原型懒羊羊hashCode："+sheep.hashCode() + "-原型小灰灰hashCode："+sheep.getWolf().hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊1号hashCode："+sheep1.hashCode() + "-克隆小灰灰hashCode："+sheep1.getWolf().hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep1.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊2号hashCode："+sheep2.hashCode() + "-克隆小灰灰hashCode："+sheep2.getWolf().hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep2.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊3号hashCode："+sheep3.hashCode() + "-克隆小灰灰hashCode："+sheep3.getWolf().hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep3.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊4号hashCode："+sheep4.hashCode() + "-克隆小灰灰hashCode："+sheep4.getWolf().hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep4.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊5号hashCode："+sheep5.hashCode() + "-克隆小灰灰hashCode："+sheep5.getWolf().hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep5.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
}
}
（2）实现接口：Serializable
/**
* @Author: dashu
* @Description: 狼
* @Date: 2022/3/30 23:31
* @Version: 1.0
*/
public class Wolf implements Serializable {
/**
* 名字
*/
private String name;
/**
* 年龄
*/
private int age;
/**
* 颜色
*/
private String colour;
public Wolf(String name, int age, String colour) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.colour = colour;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getColour() {
return colour;
}
public void setColour(String colour) {
this.colour = colour;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "[" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", colour='" + colour + '\'' +
']';
}
}
/**
* @Author: dashu
* @Description: 羊
* @Date: 22:52
* @Version: 1.0
*/
public class Sheep implements Serializable {
/**
* 名字
*/
private String name;
/**
* 年龄
*/
private int age;
/**
* 颜色
*/
private String colour;
/**
* 狼朋友
*/
private Wolf wolf;
public Sheep(String name, int age, String colour) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.colour = colour;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getColour() {
return colour;
}
public void setColour(String colour) {
this.colour = colour;
}
public Wolf getWolf() {
return wolf;
}
public void setWolf(Wolf wolf) {
this.wolf = wolf;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Sheep{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", colour='" + colour + '\'' +
", wolf=" + wolf.toString() +
'}';
}
/**
*深拷贝
*/
protected Sheep clone() {
Sheep sheep = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = null;
ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
ByteArrayInputStream bis = null;
ObjectInputStream ois = null;
try {
bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
oos.writeObject(this);
bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
sheep = (Sheep) ois.readObject();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | IOException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
} finally {
}
return sheep;
}
}
/**
* @Author: dashu
* @Description: 克隆羊
* @Date: 22:55
* @Version: 1.0
*/
public class CloneSheep {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Sheep sheep = new Sheep("懒羊羊", 12, "白色");
sheep.setWolf(new Wolf("小灰灰",6,"灰色"));
Sheep sheep1 = sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep2 = sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep3 = sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep4 = sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep5 = sheep.clone();
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("原型懒羊羊hashCode："+sheep.hashCode() + "-原型小灰灰hashCode："+sheep.getWolf().hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊1号hashCode："+sheep1.hashCode() + "-克隆小灰灰hashCode："+sheep1.getWolf().hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep1.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊2号hashCode："+sheep2.hashCode() + "-克隆小灰灰hashCode："+sheep2.getWolf().hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep2.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊3号hashCode："+sheep3.hashCode() + "-克隆小灰灰hashCode："+sheep3.getWolf().hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep3.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊4号hashCode："+sheep4.hashCode() + "-克隆小灰灰hashCode："+sheep4.getWolf().hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep4.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
System.out.println("克隆懒羊羊5号hashCode："+sheep5.hashCode() + "-克隆小灰灰hashCode："+sheep5.getWolf().hashCode());
System.out.println(sheep5.toString());
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
}
}
（3）测试
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