@Configuration 、 @Component 、@Bean

@Configuration 与 @Bean

@Configuration：

相当于传统的xml配置文件，如果有些第三方库需要用到xml文件，建议通过@Configuration类作为项目的配置主类，可以使用@ImportResource注解加载xml配置文件。

作用：类

@Bean:

用@Bean标注方法等价于XML中配置的bean。声明某个方法产生一个Bean交给Spring容器管理。

作用：注解只能用在方法或者注解上

项目中通常会看到@Configuration与@Bean两个注解组合起来使用，那么就会想@Bean单独使用又是什么效果呢？

写个demo...测试一下

首先写BeanA 、BeanB，并且设置依赖关系

public class BeanA {
}

public class BeanB {
    private BeanA beanA;

    public BeanB(BeanA beanA) {
        this.beanA = beanA;
    }
}

分别获取一下BeanA 、BeanB

/**
 * @author high
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @date 2023/4/2 13:40
 */
@Configuration
public class TestBean {
    @Bean
    public BeanA BeanA() {
        System.out.println("BeanA");
        return new BeanA();
    }
    @Bean
    public BeanB BeanB(){
        System.out.println("BeanB");
        return new BeanB(this.BeanA());
    }


}

测试： 

/**
 * @author high
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @date 2023/4/2 13:51
 */
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class BeanTests {
    @Test
    public void beansTest() {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestBean.class);
        for (String beanName : context.getBeanDefinitionNames()) {
            System.out.println(beanName + ":" + context.getBean(beanName));
        }
    }
}

 没有使用@Configuration的结果：

调用了BeanA
BeanB
调用了BeanA
BeanB1
调用了BeanA
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor:org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor@5fef0c19
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor:org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor@2e6d76ba
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor:org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor@22a6d75c
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor:org.springframework.context.event.EventListenerMethodProcessor@5a9840f3
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory:org.springframework.context.event.DefaultEventListenerFactory@7d30007d
testBean:com.springwork.high.config.TestBean@382d71c7
BeanA:com.springwork.high.config.BeanA@2ca54da9
BeanB:BeanB{beanA=com.springwork.high.config.BeanA@34a20f16}
BeanB1:BeanB{beanA=com.springwork.high.config.BeanA@496cc217}
 

 使用了@Configuration的结果

 调用了BeanA
BeanB
BeanB1
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor:org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor@22a6d75c
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor:org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor@5a9840f3
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor:org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor@7d30007d
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor:org.springframework.context.event.EventListenerMethodProcessor@382d71c7
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory:org.springframework.context.event.DefaultEventListenerFactory@2ca54da9
testBean:com.springwork.high.config.TestBean$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$914db2f7@34a20f16
BeanA:com.springwork.high.config.BeanA@496cc217
BeanB:BeanB{beanA=com.springwork.high.config.BeanA@496cc217}
BeanB1:BeanB{beanA=com.springwork.high.config.BeanA@496cc217}

对比结果可以看出有@Configuration的类时，@Bean修饰的方法都只被调用了一次

总结：

@Configuration注解修饰的类，会被spring通过cglib做增强处理，动态生成一个代理对象，代理会拦截所有被@Bean注解修饰的方法，可以确保这些bean是单例的

@Configuration与@Component

@component

泛指组件，当组件不好归类的时候，我们可以使用这个注解进行标注。

以上的配置不变，将@Configuration改成@Component运行程序

调用了BeanA
BeanB
调用了BeanA
BeanB1
调用了BeanA
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor:org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor@50598a1a
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor:org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor@14de1901
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor:org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor@437ed416
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor:org.springframework.context.event.EventListenerMethodProcessor@11f23038
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory:org.springframework.context.event.DefaultEventListenerFactory@de77146
testBean:com.springwork.high.config.TestBean@691567ea
BeanA:com.springwork.high.config.BeanA@5cfed0ba
BeanB:BeanB{beanA=com.springwork.high.config.BeanA@5c8d58ed}
BeanB1:BeanB{beanA=com.springwork.high.config.BeanA@6a567f7b}
 

从结果可以看出@Component注解并没有通过 cglib 来代理@Bean 方法的调用。