学生管理系统 c语言课程作业（链表实现）

忘记名字惹

已于 2022-07-20 16:04:26 修改

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文章标签： c语言链表数据结构

于 2022-07-09 23:29:01 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43540690/article/details/125700432

版权

学生管理系统

源码：

GitHub地址：https://github.com/du2693742095/Student_Management_System

功能：

1. 登录界面：

提供登录接口和注册接口
登录时查系统保存的文件，如没有该用户名或密码错误只能重试
注册只能成为用户权限，且用户名不能与已知用户重合，有匿名输入功能，要求注册时重复输入密码，

2. 用户界面：

提供按ID查找和按姓名查找功能，都是找到了则返回全部信息，没有找到则输出“Not Found”

3. 管理员界面：

提供对学生增删改查，对用户账号增删改查接口
对学生：
1. 查：比用户界面内多了查看所有学生信息的功能
2. 增：可以创建学生信息，比如按照规定格式输入，格式错误会报错重新输入
3. 删：先查询删除学生信息，如果有则列出，再删除，没有则“Not Found”退出
4. 改：可以修改学生的成绩信息，按规定输入，输入错误报错
对用户：
1. 增：可以增加非重复的用户名，在这里面可以直接将用户注册为管理员权限
2. 删：删除用户
3. 改：可以修改密码和管理员权限。按提示修改哪一个。
4. 查：查找用户

4. 退出接口：

所有的界面只有按界面提示的exit退出，输入的数据才能保存，如果没有按照提示正常退出，则操作的数据将不被写入文件。退出时输出感谢语。

文件：

会由系统传入用户信息和学生信息，argc和argv校验失败则报错。创建文件database.ext和userinfo.txt

代码：

file.h

file.c、user.c、admin.c、main.c中的函数声明都在里面

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MaxSize_name 20
#define MaxScore 100

typedef struct User_s {
	char username[MaxSize_name];
	char password[MaxSize_name];
	bool isAdmin;
	struct User_s* next;
} User;

typedef struct Student_s{
	int id;
	char name[MaxSize_name];
	int chinese;
	int math;
	int english;
	struct Student_s* next;
} Student;

//file.c
void Start_system(int argc, char* argv[],User* user_table, Student* student_table);//初始化，加载表
bool initial_interface(User* user_table);	//登录界面
void show_system(bool isAdmin, User* user_table, Student* student_table);//按照权限展示界面
void close_system(int argc, char* argv[], User* user_table, Student* student_table);//关闭系统
void print_title(void);	//打印标题
void Insert_password(char password[]); //匿名输入
void clear_input(void);	//清除其余的输入
void print_illegal_input(void);//打印非法输入
void print_end_info(char* c);//打印函数最后的信息，同时暂停
void print_thank(void);	//打印结束语

//user.c
void show_user_system(const Student* student_table);//用户账号只用传入学生信息即可
void find_name(const Student* student_table);
void find_id(const Student* student_table);
void print_studentInfo(const Student *s); //输出学生信息

//admin.c
void show_Admin_system(User* user_table, Student* student_table);//管理员账户可以删改账号，所以传入二级指针
void find_all(const Student *student_table);
void add_studentInfo(Student* student_table);
void update_studentInfo(Student* student_table);
void delete_student(Student* student_table);
void add_user(User* user_table);
void update_user(User* user_table);
void search_user(const User* user_table);
void delete_user(User* user_table);

main.c

主函数

#include "file.h"

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
	//创建头节点
	User user_table = { "admin","123456",true };//初始化一个管理员账户
	Student student_table = { 0 };
	 
	Start_system(argc, argv,&user_table,&student_table);//打开表
	bool isAdmin = initial_interface(&user_table);//登录，并判定权限
	show_system(isAdmin, &user_table, &student_table);//打开界面
	close_system(argc, argv, &user_table, &student_table);//关闭系统，并将文件再次写入

	return 0;
}

file.c

实现登录界面，展示登录、注册、退出功能
实现登录时匿名输入（即输入数据显示成 ‘ * ’）功能
负责文件处理，将用户数据和学生的数据都读入内存

#include "file.h"

//匿名输入函数
void Insert_password(char password[]) {
	char c;
	while ((c = _getch()) != '\r') {
		if ('\b' == c) {
			printf("\b \b");
			password = password - 1;
			*password = '\0';
		}
		else {
			putchar('*');
			*password = c;
			password = password + 1;
		}
	}
}

//登录界面，判定账号是否正确
int sign_in(User* user_table) {
	//登录，直到输入对为止
	while (true) {
		system("cls"); //清屏
		puts("Sign in Student Information Management System");
		User* p = user_table;
		char username[MaxSize_name] = { 0 };
		char password[MaxSize_name] = { 0 };
		//输入用户名和账号
		printf("\nUsername: ");
		gets(username);
again_password:
		printf("Password: ");
		Insert_password(password);
		//判断是否有这个号，有就返回权限，没有就返回-1
		while (p != NULL) {
			if (!strcmp(p->username, username)) {
				//找到了，开始检验密码
				if (!strcmp(p->password, password)) {
					print_end_info("Log in succeed.");
					return p->isAdmin;
				}
				//密码错误
				else {
					print_end_info("Error: password is wrong.");
					goto again_password;
				}
			}
			p = p->next;
		}
		print_end_info("The account could not be found.");
	}
}

//注册界面，创建非相同账号，默认为用户
void sign_out(User* user_table) {
	char username[MaxSize_name] = { 0 }, password[MaxSize_name] = { 0 }, secondword[MaxSize_name] = { 0 };
	//循环输入用户名
again_name:
	system("cls"); //清屏
	puts("Sign out of Student Information Management System");
	printf("\nUsername: ");
	gets(username);
	//判断是否有重复
	User* p = user_table;
	while (p != NULL) {
		if (!strcmp(p->username, username)) {
			puts("\nDuplicate name, please enter again.");
			system("pause");
			goto again_name;
		}
		p = p->next;
	}
	//匿名输入密码
again_word:
	printf("Password: ");
	Insert_password(password);
	printf("\nPassword again: ");
	Insert_password(secondword);
	if (strcmp(password, secondword)) {
		puts("\nThe two entered passwords do not match, enter again.");
		goto again_word;
	}
	//链接到用户数据
	User* newNode = (User*)malloc(sizeof(User));
	if (newNode == NULL) {
		perror("calloc failed in add_studnetInfo: ");
		return;
	}
	strcpy(newNode->username, username);
	strcpy(newNode->password, password);
	newNode->next = user_table->next;
	user_table->next = newNode;
	//退出
	puts("\nCreat user succesed.press any to continue.");
	system("pause");
}

//校验参数，并打开文件，加载到内存
void Start_system(int argc, char* argv[], User* user_table, Student* student_table) {
	if (argc != 3) {
		puts("Error: Invalid Address Entered.\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	//将以只读模式文件打开
	FILE* user_film_p = fopen(argv[1], "ab+");
	if (user_film_p == NULL) {
		perror("userinfo.txt");
		exit(1);
	}
	FILE* student_film_p = fopen(argv[2], "ab+");
	if (student_film_p == NULL) {
		perror("database.txt");
		fclose("Student_film_p");
		exit(1);
	}
	//建立用户信息表
	User* p = user_table;
	do {
		User* newNode = (User*)calloc(1, sizeof(User));
		if (newNode == NULL) {
			perror("calloc failed in start_system: ");
			return;
		}
		p->next = newNode;
		p = p->next;
	} while (fread(p, sizeof(User), 1, user_film_p) != 0);
	//建立学生信息表
	Student* s = student_table;
	do {
		Student* newNode = (Student*)calloc(1, sizeof(Student));
		if (newNode == NULL) {
			perror("calloc failed in start_system: ");
			return;
		}
		s->next = newNode;
		s = s->next;
	} while (fread(s, sizeof(Student), 1, student_film_p) != 0);
	//关闭文件
	fclose(user_film_p);
	fclose(student_film_p);
}

//登录界面，返回是否为管理员
bool initial_interface(User* user_table) {
	//打印界面
	print_title();
	puts("1.sign in");
	puts("2.sign out");
	puts("3.exit");
	//判断输入
	while (true) {
		char ch = getchar();
		clear_input();
		switch (ch) {
		case '1':
			return sign_in(user_table);
		case '2':
			sign_out(user_table);
			return false;
		case '3':
			print_thank();
			exit(0);
		default:
			print_illegal_input();
			break;
		}
	}
}

//展示系统界面
void show_system(bool isAdmin, User* user_table, Student* student_table) {
	system("cls"); 
	print_title();
	if (isAdmin) {
		show_Admin_system(user_table,student_table);
	}
	else {
		show_user_system(student_table);
	}
}

//关闭系统，并把缓存内的信息写入磁盘文件，关闭文件
void close_system(int argc, char* argv[], User* user_table, Student* student_table) {
	//将以覆盖写模式打开文件,将表全部更新
	FILE* user_film_p = fopen(argv[1], "wb+");
	if (user_film_p == NULL) {
		perror("userinfo.txt");
		exit(1);
	}
	FILE* student_film_p = fopen(argv[2], "wb+");
	if (student_film_p == NULL) {
		perror("database.txt");
		fclose("Student_film_p");
		exit(1);
	}
	//将内存中数据写入文件
	User* u = user_table;
	Student* s = student_table->next;
	while (u != NULL && strlen(u->username) > 0) {
		fwrite(u, sizeof(User), 1, user_film_p);
		u = u->next;
	}
	while (s != NULL && strlen(s->name) > 0) {
		fwrite(s, sizeof(Student), 1, student_film_p);
		s = s->next;
	}
	fclose(user_film_p);
	fclose(student_film_p);
}

//打印抬头信息
void print_title(void) {
	system("cls");
	puts("*******************************************************");
	puts("******** Student Information Management Syetem ********");
	puts("****************** Build by dsy ***********************");
	puts("*******************************************************\n");
}

//清空多余的输入
void clear_input(void) {
	char temp;
	while ((temp = getchar()) != '\n');
}

//打印非法输入
void print_illegal_input(void) {
	system("cls");
	puts("Illigal argument. Press any to continue.");
	system("pause");
}

//输出最后的信息，并暂停屏幕
void print_end_info(char* c) {
	printf("\n%s . press any to continue.\n", c);
	system("pause");
}

//程序结束时打印致谢
void print_thank(void) {
	system("cls");
	print_title();
	puts("Thanks for using. See you next time.\n");
}

user.c

实现普通用户界面的输出
实现对学生信息的按ID查询和按学号查询。

#include "file.h"

//展示选项
void print_options_user() {
	puts("1. Search by name");
	puts("2. Search by ID");
	puts("3. exit");
}

//展示用户的界面
void show_user_system(const Student* student_table) {
	while (true) {
		//打印界面
		print_title();
		print_options_user();
		//处理选项
		char c = getchar();
		clear_input();
		switch (c)
		{
		case '1':
			find_name(student_table);
			break;
		case '2':
			find_id(student_table);
			break;
		case '3':
			print_thank();
			return;
		default:
			print_illegal_input();
			break;
		}
	}
}

//查找名字
void find_name(const Student* student_table) {
	Student* p = student_table->next;
	char name[MaxSize_name];
	print_title();
	puts("input student name: ");
	gets(name);
	while (p != NULL) {
		if (!strcmp(p->name, name)) {
			print_studentInfo(p);
			puts("\npress any to continue.\n");
			system("pause");
			return;
		}
		p = p->next;
	}
	print_end_info("Not found");
}

//查找id
void find_id(const Student* student_table) {
	Student* p = student_table->next;
	int id;
	print_title();
	puts("input student name: ");
	scanf("%d", &id);
	clear_input();
	while (p != NULL) {
		if (id == p->id) {
			print_studentInfo(p);
			puts("\npress any to continue.\n");
			system("pause");
			return;
		}
		p = p->next;
	}
	printf("%d number is not found.\n", id);
}

void print_studentInfo(const Student* s) {
	printf("\nID   name                 Chinese  Math  English\n");
	printf("%03d  %-20s %-7d  %-4d  %-7d\n\n", s->id, s->name, s->chinese, s->math, s->english);
}

admin.c

实现管理员账号界面的输出
实现管理员功能：对学生信息增删改查、对用户信息增删改查

#include "file.h"

//打印用户信息
void print_userInfo(const User* u) {
	printf("username             password             isAdmin\n");
	if (u->isAdmin) {
		printf("%-20s %-20s True\n", u->username, u->password);
	}
	else {
		printf("%-20s %-20s False\n\n", u->username, u->password);
	}
}

//展示搜索列表选项
void show_search_system(Student* student_table) {
	while (true) {
		//打印查找表
		system("cls");
		print_title();
		puts("1. find all students");
		puts("2. Search by name");
		puts("3. Search by ID");
		puts("4. back to superior menu");
		//选项选择
		char c = getchar();
		clear_input();
		switch (c) {
		case '1':
			find_all(student_table);
			break;
		case '2':
			find_name(student_table);
			break;
		case '3':
			find_id(student_table);
			break;
		case '4':
			return;
		default:
			print_illegal_input();
			break;
		}
	}
}

//展示选项
void print_options_admin() {
	puts("1. Search student information");
	puts("2. add student information");
	puts("3. update student information");
	puts("4. delete student information");
	puts("5. add user account");
	puts("6. update user account");
	puts("7. delete user account");
	puts("8. search user account");
	puts("9. exit");
}

//主调函数
void show_Admin_system(User* user_table, Student* student_table) {
	while (true) {
		//打印界面
		print_title();
		print_options_admin();
		//处理选项
		char c = getchar();
		clear_input();
		switch (c)
		{
		case '1':
			show_search_system(student_table);
			break;
		case '2':
			add_studentInfo(student_table);
			break;
		case '3':
			update_studentInfo(student_table);
			break;
		case '4':
			delete_student(student_table);
			break;
		case '5':
			add_user(user_table);
			break;
		case '6':
			update_user(user_table);
			break;
		case '7':
			delete_user(user_table);
			break;
		case '8':
			search_user(user_table);
			break;
		case '9':
			print_thank();
			return;
		default:
			print_illegal_input();
			break;
		}
	}
}

//查看所有学生
void find_all(const Student* student_table) {
	print_title();
	Student* s = student_table->next;
	printf("ID   name                 Chinese  Math  English\n");
	while (strlen(s->name) > 0 && s != NULL) {
		printf("%03d  %-20s %-7d  %-4d  %-7d\n", s->id, s->name, s->chinese, s->math, s->english);
		s = s->next;
	}
	system("pause");
}

//增加学生
void add_studentInfo(Student* student_table) {
	print_title(); //刷新页面
	Student* s = student_table->next;
	Student* newNode = (Student*)malloc(sizeof(Student));
	if (newNode == NULL) {
		perror("calloc failed in add_studnetInfo: ");
		return;
	}
	//提示输入格式
	puts("please input student infomation which you want to add.");
	puts("fomat is: ID Student_name Chinese_score Math_Score English_score.");
	puts("for example: 1 Tom 99 100 80");
	//读入学生信息(错误检查）
again:
	memset(newNode, 0, sizeof(Student));
	scanf("%d%s%d%d%d", &newNode->id, newNode->name, &newNode->chinese, &newNode->math, &newNode->english);
	clear_input();
	//检查输入错误
	if (newNode->id > 999) {
		puts("ID exceeds Lenth. Try angin.");
		goto again;
	}
	if (strlen(newNode->name) > MaxSize_name) {
		puts("name exceeds length. Try again.");
		goto again;
	}
	if (newNode->chinese > MaxScore || newNode->math > MaxScore || newNode->english > MaxScore) {
		puts("Score is error. Try angin.");
		goto again;
	}
	s = student_table->next;
	//查重
	while (s != NULL) {
		if (!strcmp(newNode->name, s->name)) {
			puts("This student's information is already exist. Tetry again.");
			goto again;
		}
		s = s->next;
	}
	//无错，则链接
	newNode->next = student_table->next;
	student_table->next = newNode;
	print_end_info("Add succeed.");
}

//更新学生信息(用姓名更新）
void update_studentInfo(Student* student_table) {
	print_title();
	puts("which student's information do you want to update?");
	char name[MaxSize_name] = { 0 };
	gets(name);
	//查找学生
	Student* s = student_table;
	while (s != NULL) {
		//如果找到了
		if (!strcmp(name, s->name)) {
			puts("find succeed.");
			print_studentInfo(s);
			puts("please input new score. Formate is: Chinese Math English.");
			while (true) {
				scanf("%d%d%d", &s->chinese, &s->math, &s->english);
				clear_input();
				if (s->chinese > 100 || s->math > 100 || s->english > 100) {
					puts("Error Score. Try it again.");
					continue;
				}
				else {
					print_end_info("update succeed.");
					return;
				}	
			}
		}
		s = s->next;
	}
	//没有找到
	print_end_info("Not found");
}

//删除学生
void delete_student(Student* student_table) {
	print_title();
	puts("which student's information do you want to delete?");
	char name[MaxSize_name] = { 0 };
	gets(name);
	//查找学生
	Student* s = student_table->next;
	Student* pre = student_table;
	while (s != NULL) {
		if (!strcmp(name, s->name)) {
			print_studentInfo(s);
			pre->next = s->next;
			free(s);
			puts("Delete succedd. Press any to continue.");
			system("pause");
			return;
		}
		pre = s;
		s = s->next;
	}
	//没有找到
	print_end_info("Not found.");
}

//增加用户，可以设置是否为管理员
void add_user(User* user_table) {
	print_title(); //刷新页面
	char username[MaxSize_name] = { 0 }, password[MaxSize_name] = { 0 }, secondword[MaxSize_name] = { 0 };
	bool isAdmin;
	puts("please input user infomation which you want to add.");
	//输入名字（判重）
again_name:
	system("cls"); //清屏
	puts("Sign out of Student Information Management System");
	printf("\nUsername: ");
	memset(username, 0, sizeof(username));
	gets(username);
	//判断是否有重复
	User* p = user_table;
	while (p != NULL) {
		if (!strcmp(p->username, username)) {
			puts("\nDuplicate name, please enter again.");
			system("pause");
			goto again_name;
		}
		p = p->next;
	}
	//输入密码（判错）
again_word:
	memset(password, 0, sizeof(password));
	memset(secondword, 0, sizeof(secondword));
	printf("Password: ");
	Insert_password(password);
	printf("\nPassword again: ");
	Insert_password(secondword);
	if (strcmp(password, secondword)) {
		puts("\nThe two entered passwords do not match, enter again.");
		goto again_word;
	}
	//输入权限
	printf("\nIs this user administrator ?");
	while (true) {
		puts("Y/N ? ");
		char c = getchar();
		//char backspace = getchar();
		//实现退格
		if (c == "\b")	{
			printf("\b \b");
			c = getchar();
			continue;
			}
		if (c  == 'Y') {
			isAdmin = true;
			break;
		}
		if(c == 'N'){
			isAdmin = false;
			break;
		}
		print_end_info("Illegal Input.");
		//clear_input();
	}
	
	//链接到用户数据
	User* newNode = (User*)malloc(sizeof(User));
	if (newNode == NULL) {
		perror("calloc failed in add_studnetInfo: ");
		return;
	}
	strcpy(newNode->username, username);
	strcpy(newNode->password, password);
	newNode->isAdmin = isAdmin;
	newNode->next = user_table->next;
	user_table->next = newNode;
	//退出
	print_end_info("Creat user succesed.");
}

//修改用户信息
void update_user(User* user_table) {
	print_title();
	puts("which user's information do you want to update?");
	char name[MaxSize_name] = { 0 };
	gets(name);
	//查找用户
	User* u = user_table;
	while (u != NULL) {
		//如果找到了
		if (!strcmp(name, u->username)) {
			puts("find succeed.");
			print_userInfo(u);
			puts("which do you want to change ? password or isAdmin ?\n");
			while (true) {
				puts("p/i ? ");
				char c = getchar();
				clear_input();
				//修改管理员信息
				if (c == 'i') {
					printf("Is %s administrator ?\n", u->username);
					while (true) {
						puts("Y/N ? ");
						char ch = getchar();
						clear_input();
						if (ch == 'Y') {
							u->isAdmin = true;
							print_end_info("Change succeed.");
							return;
						}
						if (ch == 'N') {
							u->isAdmin = false;
							print_end_info("Change succeed.");
							return;
						}
					}
				}
				//修改密码
				if (c == 'p') {
					printf("Input password: ");
					gets(u->password);
					print_end_info("password change succeed");
					return;
				}
			}
		}
		u = u->next;
	}
	//没有找到
	print_end_info("Not found.");
}

//查找用户
void search_user(const User* user_table) {
	User* u = user_table;
	char name[MaxSize_name];
	print_title();
	puts("input user name: ");
	gets(name);
	while (u != NULL) {
		if (!strcmp(u->username, name)) {
			print_userInfo(u);
			print_end_info("search succeed.");
			return;
		}
		u = u->next;
	}
	print_end_info("Not found.");
}

//删除用户
void delete_user(User* user_table) {
	User* u = user_table;
	User* pre = NULL;
	char name[MaxSize_name];
	print_title();
	puts("input user name you want to delete: ");
	gets(name);
	while (u != NULL) {
		if (!strcmp(u->username, name)) {
			print_userInfo(u);
			//如果pre是NULL，那就是说要删除第一个admin账号，不允许。
			if (pre == NULL) {
				puts("Error: You can not delete Administrator.");
				return;
			}
			User* temp = u;
			pre->next = temp->next;
			free(temp);
			print_end_info("Delete succeed.");
			return;
		}
		pre = u;
		u = u->next;
	}
	print_end_info("Not found.");
}

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学生管理系统 c语言课程作业（链表实现）

1. 登录界面：2. 用户界面：3. 管理员界面：4. 退出接口：会由系统传入用户信息和学生信息，argc和argv校验失败则报错。创建文件database.ext和userinfo.
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