一、互斥操作
在编程中,引入了对象互斥锁的概念,来保证共享数据操作的完整性。每个对象都对应于一个可称为" 互斥锁" 的标记,这个标记用来保证在任一时刻,只能有一个线程访问该对象。
实现方式
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原子操作
原子操作指的是在执行过程中不会被别的代码路径所中断的操作。
常用原子操作函数举例:
atomic_t v = ATOMIC_INIT(0); //定义原子变量v并初始化为0
atomic_read(atomic_t *v); //返回原子变量的值
void atomic_inc(atomic_t *v); //原子变量增加1
void atomic_dec(atomic_t *v); //原子变量减少1
int atomic_dec_and_test(atomic_t *v); //自减操作后测试其是否为0,为0则返回true,否则返回false。 -
信号量
信号量(semaphore)是用于保护临界区的一种常用方法,只有得到信号量的进程才能执行临界区代码。
当获取不到信号量时,进程进入休眠等待状态。2.1、定义信号量
struct semaphore sem;
初始化信号量
void sema_init (struct semaphore *sem, int val);
void init_MUTEX(struct semaphore *sem);//初始化为0static DECLARE_MUTEX(button_lock); //定义互斥锁
2.2、获得信号量
void down(struct semaphore * sem);//获取信号量失败进入睡眠状态时
int down_interruptible(struct semaphore * sem); //在进入睡眠状态时的进程能被信号打断,获取失败返回非0值
int down_trylock(struct semaphore * sem);//若无法获得则直接返回1而不睡眠2.3、释放信号量
void up(struct semaphore * sem);
驱动程序
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <mach/gpio.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
static struct class *newdrv_class;
volatile unsigned long *gpfcon = NULL;
volatile unsigned long *gpfdat = NULL;
volatile unsigned long *gpgdat = NULL;
volatile unsigned long *gpgcon = NULL;
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);
static unsigned char key;
static struct fasync_struct *newdrv_async;
/* 原子操作:在执行过程中不会被别的代码路径所中断的操作
* 驱动程序在一个时刻,只能由一个应用程序打开*/
//atomic_t v = ATOMIC_INIT(1); //定义原子变量v并初始化为1
static DECLARE_MUTEX(button_lock); //定义信号量/互斥锁
struct pin_desc{
unsigned int pin;//引脚
unsigned int key_val;//键值,按下01 02 03 04;松开81 82 83 84
};
struct pin_desc pins_desc[4]={
{S3C2410_GPF(0), 0x01},
{S3C2410_GPF(2), 0x02},
{S3C2410_GPG(3), 0x03},
{S3C2410_GPG(11), 0x04},
};
static int buttons_irq (int irq, void *dev_id)
{
struct pin_desc *pindesc=(struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
unsigned int pinval;
pinval=s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);//读引脚
if(pinval)//1 松开
{
key=0x80|pindesc->key_val;
}
else//按下
key=pindesc->key_val;
kill_fasync(&newdrv_async,SIGIO,POLL_IN);//发送信号,给newdrv_async
return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);//接收到了中断信号,并处理,返回1
}
static int new_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
//如果是第一次调用,第一次的时候自减操作为0,自减函数为0返回true,取反就是false,if就不会满足,不执行。当open函数同时被其他进程再次调用时,由于第一次调用的进程没有释放资源,自减操作为-1,if条件满足,先恢复之前原子变量的状态,然后返回错误代码我忙碌的状态
/*if(!atomic_dec_and_test(&v))
{
atomic_inc(&v);//原子变量增加1
return -EBUSY;
}*/
down(&button_lock);//第一次获得信号量,若没有释放再次进入,陷入休眠
/* 中断引脚 中断函数 触发方式(双边沿) 名称 传入dev?id */
request_irq(IRQ_EINT0, buttons_irq, (IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING), "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT2, buttons_irq, (IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING), "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, (IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING), "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, (IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING), "S5", &pins_desc[3]);
return 0;
}
}
static ssize_t new_drv_read(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t * ppos)
{
if(count!=1)
return -EINVAL;
copy_to_user(buf, &key, 1);
return 1;
}
static int new_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
//atomic_inc(&v);//释放原子操作
up(&button_lock);//释放信号量,释放后才能再次被打开进入open
free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]);
return 0;
}
static int new_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &newdrv_async);//初始化newdrv_async
}
static struct file_operations new_drv_fops = {
.owner =THIS_MODULE, /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
.open =new_drv_open,
.read =new_drv_read,
.release=new_drv_close,
.fasync =new_drv_fasync,
};
int major;
static int new_drv_init(void)
{
major = register_chrdev(0, "newdrv", &new_drv_fops); // 注册, 自动分配并返回主设备号
/*在/sys/class/下创建类目录*/
newdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "newdrv");
/*根据类目录,在驱动模块初始化函数中实现设备节点的自动创建*/
device_create(newdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "newdrv");
gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;
gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060, 16);
gpgdat = gpgcon + 1;
return 0;
}
static void new_drv_exit(void)
{
unregister_chrdev(major, "newdrv"); // 卸载,删除
device_destroy(newdrv_class,MKDEV(major, 0));
class_destroy(newdrv_class);
iounmap(gpfcon);
iounmap(gpgcon);
}
module_init(new_drv_init);//入口函数
module_exit(new_drv_exit);//出口函数
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
二、阻塞操作
是指在执行设备操作时若不能获得资源则挂起进程,直到满足可操作的条件后再进行操作。
被挂起的进程进入休眠状态,被从调度器的运行队列移走,直到等待的条件被满足。
非阻塞操作
进程在不能进行设备操作时并不挂起,它或者放弃,或者不停地查询,直至可以进行操作为止。
fd = open("…", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
驱动程序
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <mach/gpio.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
static struct class *sixthdrv_class;
volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;
volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpgdat;
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);
/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1,sixth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;
static struct fasync_struct *button_async;
struct pin_desc{
unsigned int pin;
unsigned int key_val;
};
static unsigned char key_val;
struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
{S3C2410_GPF(0), 0x01},
{S3C2410_GPF(2), 0x02},
{S3C2410_GPG(3), 0x03},
{S3C2410_GPG(11), 0x04},
};
struct semaphore button_lock;/*定义信号量*/
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
unsigned int pinval;
pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);
if (pinval)
{
/* 松开 */
key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
}
else
{
/* 按下 */
key_val = pindesc->key_val;
}
ev_press = 1; /* 表示中断发生了 */
wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq); /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */
return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}
static int sixth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
/*以非阻塞方式打开,*/
if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
{
/*获取信号量,若无法获取信号量则返回*/
if (down_trylock(&button_lock))
return -EBUSY;
}
else
{
/* 获取信号量 */
down(&button_lock);
}
/* 配置GPF0,2为输入引脚 配置GPG3,11为输入引脚 */
request_irq(IRQ_EINT0, buttons_irq, (IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING), "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT2, buttons_irq, (IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING), "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, (IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING), "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, (IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING), "S5", &pins_desc[3]);
return 0;
}
ssize_t sixth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
if (size != 1)
return -EINVAL;
/*以非阻塞方式打开,若没有按键按下,返回错误*/
if (file->f_flags& O_NONBLOCK)
{
if (!ev_press)
return -EAGAIN;
}
else
{
/* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);
}
/* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
ev_press = 0;
return 1;
}
int sixth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
//atomic_inc(&canopen);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]);
up(&button_lock);
return 0;
}
static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE, /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
.open = sixth_drv_open,
.read = sixth_drv_read,
.release = sixth_drv_close,
};
int major;
static int sixth_drv_init(void)
{
major = register_chrdev(0, "sixth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);
sixthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "sixth_drv");
sixthdrv_class_dev = device_create(sixthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */
gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;
gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060, 16);
gpgdat = gpgcon + 1;
sema_init(&button_lock, 1);
return 0;
}
static void sixth_drv_exit(void)
{
unregister_chrdev(major, "sixth_drv");
device_destroy(sixthdrv_class, MKDEV(major, 0));
class_destroy(sixthdrv_class);
iounmap(gpfcon);
iounmap(gpgcon);
return 0;
}
module_init(sixth_drv_init);
module_exit(sixth_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
应用程序
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int fd;
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
unsigned char key_val;
int ret;
/*以非阻塞方式打开*/
fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
if (fd < 0)
{
printf("can't open!\n");
return -1;
}
while (1)
{
ret = read(fd, &key_val, 1);
printf("key_val: 0x%x, ret = %d\n", key_val, ret);
sleep(5);
}
return 0;