effective python 42.用functools.wraps定义函数装饰器

根据开放封闭原则,选择装饰器模式,A像B,但A还不够像B

def foo():
    """
    Δ~~~~Δ
    ξ •ェ• ξ
    ξ　~　ξ
    ξ　　 ξ
    ξ　　　“~～~～〇
    ξ　　　　　　 ξ
    ξ　ξ　ξ~～~ξ　ξ
    　ξ_ξξ_ξ　ξ_ξξ_ξ
    　　ヽ(´•ω•)ノ
    　　　 |　 /
    　　　 UU
    """
    print('GoodGoodStudy,DayDayUp in foo')


foo()
print(foo.__doc__)
print('-------------------------------------')


def bar(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print('GoodGoodStudy,DayDayUp in bar')
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper


@bar
def foo():
    """
    Δ~~~~Δ
    ξ •ェ• ξ
    ξ　~　ξ
    ξ　　 ξ
    ξ　　　“~～~～〇
    ξ　　　　　　 ξ
    ξ　ξ　ξ~～~ξ　ξ
    　ξ_ξξ_ξ　ξ_ξξ_ξ
    　　ヽ(´•ω•)ノ
    　　　 |　 /
    　　　 UU
    """
    print('GoodGoodStudy,DayDayUp in foo')


foo()
print(foo.__doc__)

输出结果:

GoodGoodStudy,DayDayUp in foo

    Δ~~~~Δ
    ξ •ェ• ξ
    ξ　~　ξ
    ξ　　 ξ
    ξ　　　“~～~～〇
    ξ　　　　　　 ξ
    ξ　ξ　ξ~～~ξ　ξ
    　ξ_ξξ_ξ　ξ_ξξ_ξ
    　　ヽ(´•ω•)ノ
    　　　 |　 /
    　　　 UU
    
-------------------------------------
GoodGoodStudy,DayDayUp in bar
GoodGoodStudy,DayDayUp in foo
None

为了更像,用上functools中的wraps(被装饰的函数)

from functools import wraps


def far():
    """
    Δ~~~~Δ
    ξ •ェ• ξ
    ξ　~　ξ
    ξ　　 ξ
    ξ　　　“~～~～〇
    ξ　　　　　　 ξ
    ξ　ξ　ξ~～~ξ　ξ
    　ξ_ξξ_ξ　ξ_ξξ_ξ
    　　ヽ(´•ω•)ノ
    　　　 |　 /
    　　　 UU
    """
    print('GoodGoodStudy,DayDayUp in far')


far()
print(far.__doc__)
print('-------------------------------------')


def boo(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print('GoodGoodStudy,DayDayUp in boo')
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper


@boo
def far():
    """
    Δ~~~~Δ
    ξ •ェ• ξ
    ξ　~　ξ
    ξ　　 ξ
    ξ　　　“~～~～〇
    ξ　　　　　　 ξ
    ξ　ξ　ξ~～~ξ　ξ
    　ξ_ξξ_ξ　ξ_ξξ_ξ
    　　ヽ(´•ω•)ノ
    　　　 |　 /
    　　　 UU
    """
    print('GoodGoodStudy,DayDayUp in far')


far()
print(far.__doc__)
print('-------------------------------------')


def boo1(func):

    @wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print('GoodGoodStudy,DayDayUp in boo')
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper


@boo1
def far():
    """
    Δ~~~~Δ
    ξ •ェ• ξ
    ξ　~　ξ
    ξ　　 ξ
    ξ　　　“~～~～〇
    ξ　　　　　　 ξ
    ξ　ξ　ξ~～~ξ　ξ
    　ξ_ξξ_ξ　ξ_ξξ_ξ
    　　ヽ(´•ω•)ノ
    　　　 |　 /
    　　　 UU
    """
    print('GoodGoodStudy,DayDayUp in far')


far()
print(dir(boo))

GoodGoodStudy,DayDayUp in foo

    Δ~~~~Δ
    ξ •ェ• ξ
    ξ　~　ξ
    ξ　　 ξ
    ξ　　　“~～~～〇
    ξ　　　　　　 ξ
    ξ　ξ　ξ~～~ξ　ξ
    　ξ_ξξ_ξ　ξ_ξξ_ξ
    　　ヽ(´•ω•)ノ
    　　　 |　 /
    　　　 UU
    
-------------------------------------
GoodGoodStudy,DayDayUp in bar
GoodGoodStudy,DayDayUp in foo
None
-------------------------------------
GoodGoodStudy,DayDayUp in bar
GoodGoodStudy,DayDayUp in foo

    Δ~~~~Δ
    ξ •ェ• ξ
    ξ　~　ξ
    ξ　　 ξ
    ξ　　　“~～~～〇
    ξ　　　　　　 ξ
    ξ　ξ　ξ~～~ξ　ξ
    　ξ_ξξ_ξ　ξ_ξξ_ξ
    　　ヽ(´•ω•)ノ
    　　　 |　 /
    　　　 UU

getattr

PyObject *
    _PyObject_GenericGetAttrWithDict(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name,
                                     PyObject *dict, int suppress)
    {
        /* Make sure the logic of _PyObject_GetMethod is in sync with
           this method.
    
           When suppress=1, this function suppress AttributeError.
        */
    
        PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(obj);
        PyObject *descr = NULL;
        PyObject *res = NULL;
        descrgetfunc f;
        Py_ssize_t dictoffset;
        PyObject **dictptr;
    
        if (!PyUnicode_Check(name)){
            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                         "attribute name must be string, not '%.200s'",
                         name->ob_type->tp_name);
            return NULL;
        }
        Py_INCREF(name);
    
        if (tp->tp_dict == NULL) {
            if (PyType_Ready(tp) < 0)
                goto done;
        }
    
        descr = _PyType_Lookup(tp, name);
    
        f = NULL;
        if (descr != NULL) {
            Py_INCREF(descr);
            f = descr->ob_type->tp_descr_get;
            if (f != NULL && PyDescr_IsData(descr)) {
                res = f(descr, obj, (PyObject *)obj->ob_type);
                if (res == NULL && suppress &&
                        PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) {
                    PyErr_Clear();
                }
                goto done;
            }
        }
    
        if (dict == NULL) {
            /* Inline _PyObject_GetDictPtr */
            dictoffset = tp->tp_dictoffset;
            if (dictoffset != 0) {
                if (dictoffset < 0) {
                    Py_ssize_t tsize;
                    size_t size;
    
                    tsize = ((PyVarObject *)obj)->ob_size;
                    if (tsize < 0)
                        tsize = -tsize;
                    size = _PyObject_VAR_SIZE(tp, tsize);
                    assert(size <= PY_SSIZE_T_MAX);
    
                    dictoffset += (Py_ssize_t)size;
                    assert(dictoffset > 0);
                    assert(dictoffset % SIZEOF_VOID_P == 0);
                }
                dictptr = (PyObject **) ((char *)obj + dictoffset);
                dict = *dictptr;
            }
        }
        if (dict != NULL) {
            Py_INCREF(dict);
            res = PyDict_GetItem(dict, name);
            if (res != NULL) {
                Py_INCREF(res);
                Py_DECREF(dict);
                goto done;
            }
            Py_DECREF(dict);
        }
    
        if (f != NULL) {
            res = f(descr, obj, (PyObject *)Py_TYPE(obj));
            if (res == NULL && suppress &&
                    PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) {
                PyErr_Clear();
            }
            goto done;
        }
    
        if (descr != NULL) {
            res = descr;
            descr = NULL;
            goto done;
        }
    
        if (!suppress) {
            PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
                         "'%.50s' object has no attribute '%U'",
                         tp->tp_name, name);
        }
      done:
        Py_XDECREF(descr);
        Py_DECREF(name);
        return res;
    }

setattr

int
    _PyObject_GenericSetAttrWithDict(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name,
                                     PyObject *value, PyObject *dict)
    {
        PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(obj);
        PyObject *descr;
        descrsetfunc f;
        PyObject **dictptr;
        int res = -1;
    
        if (!PyUnicode_Check(name)){
            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                         "attribute name must be string, not '%.200s'",
                         name->ob_type->tp_name);
            return -1;
        }
    
        if (tp->tp_dict == NULL && PyType_Ready(tp) < 0)
            return -1;
    
        Py_INCREF(name);
    
        descr = _PyType_Lookup(tp, name);
    
        if (descr != NULL) {
            Py_INCREF(descr);
            f = descr->ob_type->tp_descr_set;
            if (f != NULL) {
                res = f(descr, obj, value);
                goto done;
            }
        }
    
        if (dict == NULL) {
            dictptr = _PyObject_GetDictPtr(obj);
            if (dictptr == NULL) {
                if (descr == NULL) {
                    PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
                                 "'%.100s' object has no attribute '%U'",
                                 tp->tp_name, name);
                }
                else {
                    PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
                                 "'%.50s' object attribute '%U' is read-only",
                                 tp->tp_name, name);
                }
                goto done;
            }
            res = _PyObjectDict_SetItem(tp, dictptr, name, value);
        }
        else {
            Py_INCREF(dict);
            if (value == NULL)
                res = PyDict_DelItem(dict, name);
            else
                res = PyDict_SetItem(dict, name, value);
            Py_DECREF(dict);
        }
        if (res < 0 && PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyError))
            PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_AttributeError, name);
    
      done:
        Py_XDECREF(descr);
        Py_DECREF(name);
        return res;
    }

hasattr

分配空间:分配记录slots内容指针的大小即可
看对象是否存在descr,若是(查找slots的属性正是如此),调用descr身上的tp_descr_get方法，并将方法的返回值作为这次属性查找的结果返回。

看一下tp_descr_get是什么样子

slots对应的member->type是T_OBJECT_EX,根据member所记录的偏移值和类型，访问属性内存的代码了