LVM逻辑卷管理和使用

1. 要点概览

• 逻辑卷的优势（相比于磁盘）
• 逻辑卷的操作流程
• 逻辑卷的命令操作
• 逻辑卷的常规操作逻辑及使用

2. 操作流程

磁盘/分区—>物理卷—>卷组—>逻辑卷

2. 逻辑卷的命令操作

2.1 物理卷操作

pvcreate  创建物理卷
pvremove  删除物理卷
pvscan = pvs  扫描物理卷
pvdisplay 显示物理卷  等同于 pvs

1）pvcreate

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdb6
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb5" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb6" successfully created.

2）pvremove

[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb6
  Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb6" successfully wiped.

3）pvscan/pvs/pvdisplay

[root@localhost ~]# pvs
  PV         VG Fmt  Attr PSize PFree
  /dev/sdb1     lvm2 ---  2.00g 2.00g
  /dev/sdb2     lvm2 ---  2.00g 2.00g
  /dev/sdb3     lvm2 ---  3.00g 3.00g
  /dev/sdb5     lvm2 ---  2.00g 2.00g
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
  PV /dev/sdb3                      lvm2 [3.00 GiB]
  PV /dev/sdb5                      lvm2 [2.00 GiB]
  PV /dev/sdb2                      lvm2 [2.00 GiB]
  PV /dev/sdb1                      lvm2 [2.00 GiB]
  Total: 4 [9.00 GiB] / in use: 0 [0   ] / in no VG: 4 [9.00 GiB]
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
  "/dev/sdb3" is a new physical volume of "3.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb3
  VG Name               
  PV Size               3.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               CrWn8z-S7Ii-v723-YeLI-LUQt-R8hb-6bYRMc
   
  "/dev/sdb5" is a new physical volume of "2.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb5
  VG Name               
  PV Size               2.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               R2dCHT-E0CZ-pLR5-GBlR-TrxJ-eKec-aJXCJF
   
  "/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "2.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb2
  VG Name               
  PV Size               2.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               y2KflJ-t1qn-eUIc-o441-QyE3-eJIl-gdU95i
   
  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "2.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               2.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               2GI484-zyV7-S116-1x3r-Xv7Z-zIsQ-cG2CIe
   
[root@localhost ~]# 

2.2 卷组的操作

vgscan = vgs = vgdisplay  查看卷组
vgcreate 创建卷则
vgremove  删除卷组
vgextend  卷组扩容
vgreduce 卷组减容

1）vgcreate

[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vg01 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdb5
  Volume group "vg01" successfully created
# vg01是这个卷则的名字  后边是卷组的成员

2）vgremove

[root@localhost ~]# vgremove vg01
  Volume group "vg01" successfully removed

3）卷组查看系列命令

[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vg01 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdb5
  Volume group "vg01" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
  VG   #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize VFree
  vg01   4   0   0 wz--n- 8.98g 8.98g
[root@localhost ~]# vgscan
  Reading volume groups from cache.
  Found volume group "vg01" using metadata type lvm2
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg01
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        4
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                4
  Act PV                4
  VG Size               8.98 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              2300
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       2300 / 8.98 GiB
  VG UUID               Yo7J0T-Vy5P-nCcy-Wsqq-3qtP-gG76-OvSp3j
   
[root@localhost ~]# 

4）扩容

[root@localhost ~]# vgextend vg01 /dev/sdb6
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb6" successfully created.
  Volume group "vg01" successfully extended

5）减容

[root@localhost ~]# vgreduce vg01 /dev/sdb6
  Removed "/dev/sdb6" from volume group "vg01"

2.3 逻辑卷操作

lvscan = lvs = lvdisplay  查看
lvcreate 创建逻辑卷
lvremove  删除逻辑卷
lvextend 逻辑卷扩容
lvreduce 逻辑卷减容

1）逻辑卷创建

lvcreate   -L  容量大小  -n  逻辑卷名  卷组名


[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 2G -n lv01 vg01
  Logical volume "lv01" created.

2）查看的系列命令

[root@localhost ~]# lvs
  LV   VG   Attr       LSize Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  lv01 vg01 -wi-a----- 2.00g                                                    
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg01/lv01' [2.00 GiB] inherit
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg01/lv01
  LV Name                lv01
  VG Name                vg01
  LV UUID                GZYO14-RG5L-XDHB-9neD-ZSlx-lhBC-AYReZj
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2019-08-26 11:07:59 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                2.00 GiB
  Current LE             512
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0
   
[root@localhost ~]# 

3）扩容与减容

lvextend  -L  +大小  /dev/卷组名/逻辑卷名 

[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +2G /dev/vg01/lv01 
  Size of logical volume vg01/lv01 changed from 2.00 GiB (512 extents) to 4.00 GiB (1024 extents).
  Logical volume vg01/lv01 successfully resized.

[root@localhost ~]# lvreduce -L -2G /dev/vg01/lv01 
  WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 2.00 GiB.
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce vg01/lv01? [y/n]: y
  Size of logical volume vg01/lv01 changed from 4.00 GiB (1024 extents) to 2.00 GiB (512 extents).
  Logical volume vg01/lv01 successfully resized.
[root@localhost ~]# 

扩容后操作 调整文件系统大小

EXT2/3/4文件系统扩展
[root@xiaochen ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg02/lv02
[root@xiaochen ~]# df -Th

XFS文件系统扩展：
[root@xiaochen ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/lv2
[root@xiaochen ~]# df -Th

4）删除

[root@localhost ~]# lvremove /dev/vg01/lv01 
Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg01/lv01? [y/n]: y
  Logical volume "lv01" successfully removed

3. 逻辑卷的使用

[root@localhost ~]#  mkdir /disk
[root@localhost ~]#  mkfs -t xfs /dev/vg01/lv01
[root@localhost ~]#  mount /dev/vg01/lv01 /disk/