DHCP操作部分

1. 主机说明

主机	主机ip	角色
host1	192.168.20.124	dhcp服务端
host2	192.168.20.125	dhcp客户端

2. 实验准备

需要去掉默认网卡的自动分配ip的设置

服务端ip需要设置成static 客户端设置成dhcp
服务端与客户端都是一个网络连接方式

另外，为了防止防火墙阻挡，这里我们放行dhcp服务，两台主机都操作

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=dhcp
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

host1和host2调整selinux状态

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

3. 实验主要操作（常规）

3.1 host1上安装、配置、启动dhcp服务

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install dhcp

修改配置文件 写入相关设置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 
default-lease-time 221100; #默认租约时间
max-lease-time 777200;  #最大租约时间
subnet 192.168.20.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { # 写网段地址和子网掩码
    range 192.168.20.140 192.168.20.200; # 分配ip的范围
    option routers 192.168.20.2;  #分配给客户端的网关
    option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;  #客户端的子网掩码
    option domain-name-servers 192.168.20.2;  #客户端的dns服务器ip
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start dhcpd

3.2 客户端获取ip

[root@localhost ~]# dhclient -d

如上图，看到DHCPACK字样，即表示获取IP成功

[ root@localhost ~]# ip a
   inet 192.168.20.140/24 brd 192.168.20.255 scope global secondary dynamic ens32
       valid_lft 42929sec preferred_lft 42929sec
    inet 192.168.20.141/24 brd 192.168.20.255 scope global secondary dynamic ens32

4. host声明的使用

在上边实验的基础上来使用host声明

4.1 修改host1配置文件并重启服务

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf [root@localhost ~]# 
host one {
    hardware ethernet 00:0c:29:4a:a5:bc; #为谁留ip地址，后边写客户端Mac地址
    fixed-address 192.168.20.188;  #保留的ip是多少
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart dhcpd

4.2 客户端获取ip，验证host声明是否生效

[root@localhost ~]# dhclient -d
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.5
Copyright 2004-2013 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/

Listening on LPF/virbr0-nic/52:54:00:c2:f2:ec
Sending on   LPF/virbr0-nic/52:54:00:c2:f2:ec
Listening on LPF/virbr0/52:54:00:c2:f2:ec
Sending on   LPF/virbr0/52:54:00:c2:f2:ec
Listening on LPF/ens32/00:0c:29:4a:a5:bc
Sending on   LPF/ens32/00:0c:29:4a:a5:bc
Sending on   Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on virbr0-nic to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3 (xid=0x67d44e16)
DHCPDISCOVER on virbr0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7 (xid=0x263d13c6)
DHCPREQUEST on ens32 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 (xid=0x72ae08b8)
DHCPNAK from 192.168.20.124 (xid=0x72ae08b8)  #到此处就可以ctrl+c了


下面验证是否获取到为本客户端保留的ip
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens32: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.20.188  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.20.255