在很多时候,我们在写爬虫的时候需要去修改爬虫的请求头,那么话不多说,下面代码开始
在middlewares.py文件中创建请求头的列表,使用random函数来随机调用使用哪个请求头:
import random
class UserAgentDownloadMiddleware(object):
'''
下载器中间件
在发送下载之前要设置请求头
'''
USER_AGENTS = [
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/37.0.2049.0 Safari/537.36',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 4.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/37.0.2049.0 Safari/537.36',
'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; rv:64.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/64.0',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:64.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/64.0',
]
def process_request(self, request, spider):
user_agent = random.choice(self.USER_AGENTS)
request.headers['User-Agent'] = user_agent
在settings.py文件中修改调用的请求头函数(取消注释,调用上面定义的类)
setting.py
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'useragent_demo.middlewares.UserAgentDownloadMiddleware': 543,
}
在scrapy爬虫程序中就可以开始调用:
import scrapy
import json
class HttpbinSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'httpbin'
allowed_domains = ['httpbin.org']
start_urls = ['http://httpbin.org/user-agent']
def parse(self, response):
user_agent = json.loads(response.text)['user-agent']
print('=='*20)
print(user_agent)
print('==' * 20)
yield scrapy.Request(self.start_urls[0], dont_filter=True) # dont_filter=True 表示不需要去重
然后执行start文件,就可以开始打印出新的请求头了:
from scrapy import cmdline
cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl httpbin".split())
打印结果:
========================================
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; rv:64.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/64.0
========================================
========================================
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; rv:64.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/64.0
========================================
========================================
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 4.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/37.0.2049.0 Safari/537.36
========================================
========================================
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; rv:64.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/64.0
========================================