英语中的被动语态

比如我被他打了，我的书包被偷了，小明被老师批评了，主语是动作的承受者。

英语中被动语态的构成

被动语态的结构形式是由be动词+过去分词构成的。

一般现在时的被动语态为am/is/are + 过去分词  

The cat is chased by the dog.（这只猫被这只狗追。
A letter is written by John. 一封信被约翰写了。
The book is being read by her.（这本书正在被她阅读。）
The room is cleaned every day.（这个房间每天都被清洁。）

一般过去时的被动语态为was/were + 过去分词

• The cake was eaten by the guests.（蛋糕被客人吃了。）
• The letter was written by my sister.（这封信是我妹妹写的。）
• The car was repaired by the mechanic.（这辆车被机修工修理了。）
• The movie was watched by a lot of people.（这部电影被很多人观看了。）
• The house was built by my grandfather.（这座房子是我爷爷建造的。）

一般将来时的被动语态为will be + 过去分词

• The package will be delivered tomorrow.（包裹将在明天被送到。）
• The car will be repaired by a mechanic.（这辆车将会被一名机修工修理。）
• The movie will be watched by many people.（这部电影将会被很多人观看。）

现在进行时的被动语态为am/is/are being + 过去分词   

• The car is being washed by the mechanic. （这辆车正在被修理工洗。）
• The cake is being baked by the chef. （这个蛋糕正在被厨师烘焙。）
• The report is being prepared by the team. （这份报告正在被团队准备。）
• The movie is being watched by the audience. （这部电影正在被观众观看。）
• The clothes are being washed by the washing machine. （这些衣服正在被洗衣机洗。）

过去进行时的被动语态为was/were being + 过去分词

1. The car was being repaired by the mechanic when the customer arrived. (当顾客到达时，汽车正在被机械师修理。)

2. The cake was being baked by the chef when the power went out. (当电力中断时，蛋糕正在被厨师烤。)

现在完成时的被动语态为have/has been + 过去分词

1. The report has been reviewed by the manager. （这份报告已被经理审核。）
2. The work has been done by the team. （这项工作已被团队完成。）

过去完成时的被动语态为had been + 过去分词

1. The project had been completed before the deadline. （这个项目在截止日期之前已经完成了。）
2. The package had been delivered by the time I got home. （当我回到家时，这个包裹已经被送到了。）

将来完成时被动语态由情态动词 "will have been" + 过去分词构成，用来表示在将来某个时间点之前已经完成的被动动作或状态。

been是hava完成时态的过去分词

1. The project will have been completed by the end of next month. （到下个月底，这个项目将已经完成。）

2. By the time he arrives, the preparations will have been made. （他到达的时候，准备工作将已经完成。）

3. The book will have been published by the time the author turns 40. （在作者年满40岁之前，这本书将已经出版。）

4. By next year, all the tickets will have been sold. （到明年，所有的票将已经售出。）

5. The repairs will have been done by the time you return. （你回来时，修理工作将已经完成。）