Regular Forestation

Regular Forestation

时间限制: 1 Sec 内存限制: 128 MB

题目描述

A forestation is an act of planting a bunch of trees to grow a forest, usually to replace a forest that had been cut down. Strangely enough, graph theorists have another idea on how to make a forest, i.e. by cutting down a tree!

A tree is a graph of $N$ nodes connected by $N-1$ edges. Let $u$ be a node in a tree $U$ which degree is at least $2$ (i.e. directly connected to at least $2$ other nodes in $U$). If we remove $u$ from $U$, then we will get two or more disconnected (smaller) trees, or also known as forest by graph theorists. In this problem, we are going to investigate a special forestation of a tree done by graph theorists.

Let $V(S)$ be the set of nodes in a tree $S$ and $V(T)$ be the set of nodes in a tree $T$. Tree $S$ and tree $T$ are identical if there exists a bijection $f:V(S)\to V(T)$ such that for all pairs of nodes $(s_i,s_j)$ in $V(S)$, $s_i$ and $s_j$ is connected by an edge in $S$ if and only if node $f(s_i)$ and $f(s_j)$ is connected by an edge in $T$. Note that $f(s)=t$ implies node $s$ in $S$ corresponds to node $t$ in $T$.

We call a node u in a tree U as a good cutting point if and only if the removal of u from U causes two or more disconnected trees, and all those disconnected trees are pairwise identical.

Given a tree $U$, your task is to determine whether there exists a good cutting point in $U$
. If there is such a node, then you should output the maximum number of disconnected trees that can be obtained by removing exactly one good cutting point.

For example, consider the following tree of $13$ nodes.

There is exactly one good cutting point in this tree, i.e. node $4$. Observe that by removing node $4$, we will get three identical trees (in this case, line graphs), i.e. $5,1,7,13$, $8,2,11,6$, and $3,12,9,10$, which are denoted by $A$, $B$, and $C$ respectively in the figure.

The bijection function between A and B: $f(5)=8,f(1)=2,f(7)=11$, and $f(13)=6$.
The bijection function between A and C: $f(5)=3,f(1)=12$, $f(7)=9$, and $f(13)=10$.
The bijection function between B and C: $f(8)=3,f(2)=12$, $f(11)=9$, and $f(6)=10$.
Of course, there exists other bijection functions for those trees.

输入

Input begins with a line containting an integer: $N(3\le N\le 4000)$ representing the number of nodes in the given tree. The next $N-1$ lines each contains two integers: $a_i{b}_i(1\le a_i<b_i\le N)$ representing an edge $(a_i,b_i)$ in the given tree. It is guaranteed that any two nodes in the given tree are connected to each other by a sequence of edges.

输出

Output in a line an integer representing the maximum number of disconnected trees that can be obtained by removing exactly one good cutting point, or output -1 if there is no such good cutting point.

样例输入

【样例1】

13
1 5
1 7
2 4
2 8
2 11
3 12
4 7
4 12
6 11
7 13
9 10
9 12

【样例2】

6
1 2
1 3
2 4
3 5
3 6

样例输出

【样例1】

3

【样例2】

-1

思路

容易想到，能够删去的点不可能存在多个，而且删去的必然是树的重心。剩下就是个判树同构了，而这个可以直接对树进行哈希来判断。

/***  Amber  ***/
#pragma GCC optimize(3,"Ofast","inline")
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <cmath>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
#define ls (rt<<1)
#define rs (rt<<1|1)
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int,int> pii;
template <typename T>
inline void read(T &x) {
    x = 0;
    static int p;
    p = 1;
    static char c;
    c = getchar();
    while (!isdigit(c)) {
        if (c == '-')p = -1;
        c = getchar();
    }
    while (isdigit(c)) {
        x = (x << 1) + (x << 3) + (c - 48);
        c = getchar();
    }
    x *= p;
}
template <typename T>
inline void print(T x) {
    if (x<0) {
        x = -x;
        putchar('-');
    }
    static int cnt;
    static int a[50];
    cnt = 0;
    do {
        a[++cnt] = x % 10;
        x /= 10;
    } while (x);
    for (int i = cnt; i >= 1; i--)putchar(a[i] + '0');
    puts("");
}
const double Pi=acos(-1);
const double eps=1e-6;
const int mod = 1e9+7;
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const ll Inf = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
const int maxn = 4010;

struct node{
    int v,nxt;
}e[maxn << 1];
int head[maxn],t;
int n;
int siz[maxn];
inline void add(int u,int v) {
    t++;
    e[t].v = v;
    e[t].nxt = head[u];
    head[u] = t;
}
void getsz(int u,int fa) {
    siz[u] = 1;
    for (int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt) {
        int v = e[i].v;
        if (v == fa) continue;
        getsz(v, u);
        siz[u] += siz[v];
    }
}
int rt;
int getrt(int u,int fa) {
    for (int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt) {
        int v = e[i].v;
        if (v == fa) continue;
        if (siz[v] > n / 2) return getrt(v, u);
    }
    return u;
}
int a[maxn];
int tot;
void getp(ll u,ll fa) {
    a[++tot] = u;
    for (int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt) {
        int v = e[i].v;
        if (v == fa) continue;
        getp(v, u);
    }
}
ll Hash(int u,int fa) {
    vector<int> q;
    int ans = maxn;
    for (int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt) {
        int v = e[i].v;
        if (v != fa && v != rt) {
            q.push_back(Hash(v, u));
        }
    }
    sort(q.begin(), q.end());
    for (int i = 0; i < q.size(); i++) {
        ans = (ans * 19260817 + q[i]) % mod;
    }
    return (ans * 19260817 + maxn + 1) % mod;
}
ll ans[maxn][maxn];
inline void work() {
    read(n);
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
        int u, v;
        read(u);
        read(v);
        add(u, v);
        add(v, u);
    }
    getsz(1, 0);
    rt = getrt(1, 0);
    getsz(rt, 0);
    ll cnt = 0;
    for (ll i = head[rt]; i; i = e[i].nxt) {
        cnt++;
        int v = e[i].v;
        tot = 0;
        getp(v, rt);
        for (int j = 1; j <= tot; j++) {
            ans[cnt][j] = Hash(a[j], 0);
        }
        sort(ans[cnt] + 1, ans[cnt] + tot + 1);
        if (cnt == 1) continue;
        int k = 0, flag = 0;
        while (k <= tot) {
            if (ans[cnt][++k] != ans[1][k]) {
                flag = 1;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (flag) {
            puts("-1");
            return;
        }
    }
    printf("%lld\n", cnt);
}
int main() {
    //freopen("1.txt","r",stdin);
    int T = 1;
    //read(T);
    while (T--) {
        work();
    }
    return 0;
}