https://vjudge.net/contest/279738#problem/A
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<queue>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
int n,D,I,j,k;
int main()
{
while (scanf("%d",&n))
{
if (n<=0) break;
for (j=1;j<=n;j++){
k=1;
scanf("%d%d",&D,&I);
for (int i=1; i<D;i++)
{
if (I%2)
{
k=2*k;
I=(I+1)/2;
}
else
{
k=2*k+1;
I=I/2;
}
}
printf("%d\n", k);
}
}
}