成人自考-英语二-代词、数词、冠词

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一、代词

1.指代人

(1)人称代词、物主代词、反身代词

For example：
I love money.
The students love me.
My name is Brian.
The money is mine.
I beat myself.

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2.指代物

(1)指示代词

1.单数（this这个 / that那个）
2.复数（these这些 / those那些）
I want this / these.
You buy me this / these.

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3.指代关系

(1)相互代词

相互代词用于表示两个或更多的主体彼此之间的关系或动作。英语中常见的相互代词有两个：each other 和 one another。这两个代词在现代英语中通常可以互换使用，尽管有时候 each other 更常用于两个主体之间，而 one another 更常用于三个或更多主体之间。

each other
例句：We often help each other on our lessons.（我们经常在功课上互相帮助。）
例句：They love each other.（他们彼此相爱。）
例句：The two friends helped each other.（这两个朋友互相帮助。）

one other
例句：The students in the class share their books with one another.（班里的学生们彼此分享书籍。）
例句：They greeted one another warmly.（他们热情地彼此问候。）

(2)不定代词

	some	any	no	every
thing	something	anything	nothing	everything
one	someone	anyone	none	everyone
where	somewhere	anywhere	nowhere	everywhere
body	somebody	anybody	nobody	everybody

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4.关系代词

who、whom、whose、which、that、as

关系副词
where、why、when

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5.疑问代词

who、whom、whose、which、what

who 跟 whom的区别：
whom做的是宾格。
who可以做主语/宾语

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二、数词

1.数词分类

基数词：one, two, three
序数词：first, second, third

There are three apples, but I only want to eat the third one.

基数词	序数词
one	first	1st
two	second	2nd
three	third	3rd
four	fourth	4th
five	fifth	5th
six	sixth	6th
seven	seventh	7th
eight	eighth	8th
nine	ninth	9th
ten	tenth	10th
eleven	eleventh	11th
twelve	twelfth	12th
thirteen	thirteenth	13th
fourteen	fourteenth	14th
fifteen	fifteenth	15th
sixteen	sixteenth	16th
seventeen	seventeenth	17th
eighteen	eighteenth	18th
nineteen	nineteenth	19th
twenty	twentieth	20th

基数词变为序数词口诀：
基变序，有规律，结尾都加"th".
一二三需特记，结尾带有t、d、d.
八减t，九去e，ve要用f替，
y要变"ie",结尾仍有th.
若要遇到几十几，只变个位就可以

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2.分数表示法

1/3: one-third
3/10: three-tenths

分母序数词，分子基数词
分子大于1，分母加 “s”

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三、冠词

1.冠词分类

(1)不定冠词

a: + 辅音音素开头的单词
a book
a university

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an: + 元音音素开头的单词
an apple
an SOS sign

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一类人/物==（泛指）==

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一个、每一个、某一个（数量为1=one）

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固定结构
1）Such a(an) + adj. + n. = so + adj. + a(an) + n.
He is such a good man. = He is so good a man.

2）quite / rather a(an)相当地
He is quite a good man.
It is rather a difficult question.

3） many a(an) + 可数名词单数
Many a good man has been destroyed by drink.

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固定搭配

英文	翻译
have a cold	患感冒
have a meal	吃顿饭
have a rest	休息一下
have a swim	游泳
have a walk	散步
have a good time	玩的愉快

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(2)定冠词

特指； 再次提到；独一无二；专有名词

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序数词，形容词副词最高级，only修饰的名词前

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西洋乐器 play the piano

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地理：江河湖海山脉群岛 the yellow river

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姓氏名词复数：表家族. The Smiths

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+形容词：表一类人/物 The old 老年人

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(3)零冠词

季节、月份、星期、日期、节假日

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称呼、头衔、地位、国家、人名、抽象名词

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不可数名词，复数可数名词表示泛指时

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三餐、球类、学科、象棋 play football

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by + 交通工具 by bus

(4)特例【不考，拓展的】

当月份，星期，morning,afternoon,evening,night等名词前面有修饰语时，一律用不定冠词a（an）
on a cold morning
on a sunny Sunday
in a hot month
on a terrible night

其他：

例句	翻译
go to church	去教堂做礼拜
go to the church	去教堂
go to school	去学校上学
go to the school	去学校
stay in hospital	住院
stay in the hospital	待在医院里

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