接上一篇:成人自考-英语二-代词、数词、冠词
一、识别
1.动词的后缀
(1)-en 使成为,引起,使有
规则:adj. / n. + en 👉🏻 v.(e 结尾 + n)
quick 👉🏻 quicken
short 👉🏻 shorten
sweet 👉🏻 sweeten
strength 👉🏻 strengthen
(2)en-:使成为,加强
en + adj. / n. 👉🏻 v.
courage 👉🏻 encourage
large 👉🏻 enlarge
rich 👉🏻 enrich
sure 👉🏻 ensure
(3)-ize:…使,化;
adj. / n. + ize 👉🏻 v.(e结尾去e;y结尾,变y为i)
memory 👉🏻 memorize
apology 👉🏻 apologize
special 👉🏻 specialize
standard 👉🏻 standardize
(4)-fy:…化
规则:(1)adj. / n. + fy 👉🏻 v.(有e去e)
pure(adj.)纯的 👉🏻 purify 提纯
simple(adj.)简单的 👉🏻 simplify 使简化
quality(n.)质量 👉🏻 qualify 取得资格(或学历)
clarity(n.)明确;清楚 👉🏻 clarify 澄清
2.动词的位置
(1)名词/代词 前 后
I beat you.
(2)助动词/情态动词 can/may 后
I will beat you.
(3)副词 前 后
I will softly beat you.
(4)to 后(to do)
They ask me to beat you.
二、应用
全部的时态:
时间\状态 | 一般 | 进行 | 完成 | 完成进行 |
---|---|---|---|---|
过去 | 一般过去 | 过去进行 | 过去完成 | 过去完成进行 |
现在 | 一般现在 | 现在进行 | 现在完成 | 现在完成进行 |
将来 | 一般将来 | 将来进行 | 将来完成 | 将来完成进行 |
过去将来 | 一般过去将来 | 过去将来进行 | 过去将来完成 | 过去将来完成进行 |
自考只考下面的六种:
时间\状态 | 一般 | 进行 | 完成 |
---|---|---|---|
过去 | 一般过去 | 过去完成 | |
现在 | 一般现在 | 现在进行 | 现在完成 |
将来 | 一般将来 |
1.谓语动词
(1)谓语动词的时态
①一般现在时
a.基本形式:
- 动词原形 do / does
- he / she / it(他她它)做主语时要用第三人称单数(单三)
b.标志词
1.表示现在,习惯性,经常性的动作或日常活动。
every day, often, usually, sometimes, always, never, seldom, rarely…
2.表示公认的事实真理和普遍现象。
需要理解句意
3.用于时间、条件状语从句(主将从现)
时间状从: when, as soon as = the moment, until…
条件状从: if, unless…
c.考点
1)表示现在,习惯性,经常性的动作或日常活动。
Brian eats the melon.
Fifteen minutes seems a long time for one who waits.
2)表示公认的事实真理和普遍现象。
The sun rises in the East.
3)用于时间、条件状语从句(主将从现)。
If the TV station doesn’t pay for the train tickets, Heitu will not accept interviews.
如果电视台不支付火车票费用,黑土将不接受采访
Julia will come to give you a hand the moment she finishes her homework.
茱莉亚一完成作业就来帮你
the moment相当于immediately / directly / instantly / the minute / as soon as 意为:一…就…, 在引导时间状语从句时,若从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时(主将从现)。
②一般过去时
a.基本形式:
动词过去式(-ed)did
b.标志词
1)表示过去某一确切时间的动作或状态
ago(以前)
once upon a time(从前,很久很久以前)
yesterday(昨天)
the day before yesterday(前天)
last week/ year / night / month…(上周/去年/昨晚/上个月)
in 1989
just now(刚才)…
2.表示过去发生的事情。
需要理解句意
c.考点
1)表示过去某一确切时间的动作或状态
The last time I visited her,she was studying at a medical college.
上一次我见到她的时候,她正在医药大学学习。
2)表示过去发生的事情。
All flights were canceled because of the storm;they decided to take the train.
由于暴风雨,所有的航班都取消了,他们决定乘火车。
③现在完成时
a.基本形式:
have / has + done
b.标志词:
1)已经:already, yet
2)自从:since
3)以来:介词 + the last / past + 时间段(for / in / over / during the past / last few years)
4)至今:so far / up to now / till now / by now
5)第几次做某事:It is the + 序数词 + 句子
c.考点
1)已经:already, yet
I have given this course five stars already.
我已经给这门课打了五颗星
I haven’t got married yet.
我还没有结婚
My boss has promised a rise in my salary for years, but nothing has happened yet.
我的老板已经承诺了好几年要提高我的薪水,但并没有任何结果。
My boss has been promising a rise in my salary for years, but nothing has happened yet.
我的老板多年来一直承诺要提高我的薪水,但并没有任何结果。
2)自从:since
since + 过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点)
I have been here since 1989.
1989年起,我一直在这儿。
since + 时间段 + ago.
I have been here since five months ago.
我在这儿,已经有五个月了。
More than 100 people have been killed in such attacks since December 2016.
自2016年12月以来,已有100多人在此类袭击中丧生。
自从:since【主句现在完成时,从句一般过去时】
His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.
自上个月出版以来,他的第一部小说已经获得了好评。
Ever since he was a boy, he has been. interested in math.
他从小就对数学感兴趣。
以来:介词 + the last / past + 时间段(for / in / over / during the past / last few years)
Over the past two years,we have focused on strengthening our community mental health services.
过去俩年,我们致力加强社区精神健康服务。
In the last few years, China has made great achievements in environmental protection.
在过去的几年里,中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大的成就。
至今:so far / up to now / till now / by now
Up to now,the report has centred on the need for a new language lab.
到目前为止,报告的中心内容是需要一个新的语言实验室。
The book has been translated into many languages so far.
至今,这本书已经被翻译成很多种语言了。
第几次做某事:It is the + 序数词 + 句子
It’s the third time you have arrived late this week.
这是你本周第三次迟到了。
It was the first time such standards had been increased in a decade.
这是十年来(我们)第一次提高这类标准
④过去完成时
a.基本形式:
现在完成时: have / has + done
过去完成时:had + done
b.标志词:
1)表示的已经完成的动作,发生在过去的过去,对过去有影响。
2)表示到过去的某个时间为止。
by the end / time of + 过去时间
until then(到那个时候为止、直到那时)
up until + 过去时间(last night)
c.考点:
1)表示的已经完成的动作,发生在过去的过去,对过去有影响。
Brian had eaten the melon for lunch yesterday, so I wasn’t hungry at all yesterday afternoon.
布莱恩昨天中午已经吃了西瓜,所以我昨天下午一点不饿(暗示对过去的影响:一点不饿)
I had known him for quite a long time before you offered to introduce him.
在你介绍他之前,我就认识他很长时间了。
She was a productive writer; she had published ten novels when she was awarded the prize.
她是个多产的作家。她获奖时已经出版了十部小说。
2)表示到过去的某个时间为止。
Until then, Peter hadn’t heard from his family for more than six months.
在那之前,皮特已经六个多月没有收到家人的来信了。
hear from sb 收到某人的来信
Until then, Jack’s sister hadn’t sent him an email for more than three months.
在那之前,杰克的妹妹已经三个多月没给他发过邮件了。
By the end of last year,he had studied English for seven years.
到去年年底为止,他已经学了七年英语了。
By the end of last year, this charity group had created more than 4000 jobs for the unemployed.
到去年年底,这个慈善团体已经为失业者创造了4000多个就业机会。
⑤现在进行时
a.基本形式:
be(am / is / are) + doing
b.标志词:
1)表示说话时正在进行的动作
now / right now;
at the moment;
listen / look…
2)表示现阶段一直在进行的动作
these days
recently
lately
constantly
c.考点:
1)表示说话时正在进行的动作
What is Heitu doing?
黑土在做什么?
Heitu is speaking.
黑土现在正在讲话。
2)表示现阶段一直在进行的动作
Brian is eating the melon these days.
布莱恩 最近/这些天 一直在吃瓜。
Brian teaches English at the university, but now he is teaching in xx.
布莱恩老师长期在大学教英语,但是他现在在xx教书。
3)现在进行时表将来,主要用于表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。
Heitu is coming for an interview tomorrow.
黑土明天要来接受采访。
4)理解句意(表示一直进行的动作)
The world is changing.
世界在变化
Things never stay the same.
事物不会一成不变
Nobody is sure how long a plastic bag takes to totally break down, because we’ve only been using plastic as a business for about 90 years.
⑥一般将来时
a.基本形式:
shall / will / be going to do
b.标志词:
tomorrow
next + 时间(week, year)
in + 时间(in a week 一周之内)
in the future(在未来)
c.考点:
1)表示将要发生的动作
Brian will eat the melon tomorrow.
布莱恩明天将要吃瓜
(2)谓语动词的语态
Brian eats the melon.(主语语态)
布莱恩吃瓜
The melon is eaten by Brian.(被动语态)
瓜被布莱恩吃了
被动语态的构成:be + done
be used to do 被用来…
used to do 过去常常…
be used to doing 习惯于…
(3)谓语动词的情态
情态动词 + 动词原形do
意思 | |
---|---|
must | 必须 |
will / would | 愿意(意愿) |
should / ought to | 应该(义务) |
can / could | 能够(能力 / 可能性) |
need | 需要(需求) |
may / might | 可能(可能性) |
2.非谓语动词
(1)to do
(2)doing
(3)done
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