成人自考-英语二-介词

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一、介词分类

1.表时间

（1）at + 某一时间点

at 12 o’clock
at 5 pm
at that moment

（2）in + 某一段时间

年：in 1949
月：in July
季节：in summer
一段时间：in one month
时代：in the 2012s / in the 21^st century

（3）on + 具体时间

on Friday
on my birthday
on Sunday morning
on the 25^th of December

2.表位置

3.表方式

by, with, through

4.表原因

for

5.表数量

about（around）大约，over 超过

6.固定搭配

be rich in: 富有…的
be patient with: 对…很耐心
break up: 分手
break down: 分解；损坏；崩溃
make friends with: 和…做朋友

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During the late 1990s,national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and the development funds varied from around 4% to 25%.
在20世纪90年代末，国家在社会科学和人文科学方面的支出占所有研究和发展基金的比例波动在大约4%到25%之间。

二、五大基本句型

1.主谓

I come.
我来了。

Waiting list increase all the time.
候补名单（人数）一直在增加。

2.主谓宾

I love you.
我爱你。

This argument has attracted a lot of attention.
这个观点已经受到（已经吸引了）广泛关注。

3.主谓宾宾

I gave you everything.
我给了你所有。

Last month, Howard Schmidt offered the federal government a proposal.
上个月，Howard Schmidt向联邦政府提出一项建议。

4.主谓宾宾补

You made me sad.
你让我伤心。

Furthermore, these losses make us mature.
而且，这些损失使我们成熟。

5.主系表

I feel bad.
我感到难过。

The man looked puzzled and hurt.
这个男人看起来十分茫然并且很受伤。

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系动词
| be动词类 | am / is / are |
|–|–|
| "变得"类 | get / become / turn / go / grow |
| "起来"类 | look / sound / smell / taste / feel |
| "保持"类 | keep / remain / stay |

三、非谓语动词

包含：
doing：现在分词
done：过去分词
to do：不定式

1.非谓语做宾语

I like smiling.
我喜欢微笑

1.like to do sth: 偶尔喜欢做某事
2.like doing sth：一直喜欢做某事
一个简单句中不能有俩个谓语动词，除非用and并列！！！

2.非谓语做主语

To be or not to be is a question.
生存还是毁灭？这是个问题。

3.非谓语做表语

My dream is to enter Beijing University.
我做梦都想进北大。

4.非谓语做补语

The teacher asked me to recite the words.
老师让我背单词。

5.非谓语做定语

The boiling water is too hot.
The boiled water is too hot.
开水太烫了。

6.非谓语做状语

Hearing the news, they got excited.
听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。

to do 表目的，表主动
I study hard to pass the exam.

doing 表伴随，表主动
Listening to the music,I put on make-up.

done 表完成，表被动
Frightened by the bugs,I shouted loudly.

being done
The houses being built now are very big.
现在在建的房子很大。

to be done
The houses to be built next year will be very big.
明年将要建的房子将会很大。

done
The houses built last year are very big.
去年建的那些房子很大。

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To gain necessary experience for my future career,I take an active part in social activities in college.
为了为将来的职业生涯积累必要的经验，我在大学里积极参加社会活动。

Found in all parts of the state,pines are the most common trees in Georgia.
松树是乔治亚州最常见的树木，分布在该州的各个地方.

To catch the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
为了赶早班机，我们提前打了车，而且还起了大早。

The students are staying up late these days to prepare for the final exams.
这些天学生们熬夜学习，为期末考试做准备。

Given another three weeks，I would have been able to finish the experiment.
再过三个星期，我就能完成这个实验了。

The farmers caught sight of an object flying over when they made their way home at dusk.
农民们在黄昏回家时看到一个神秘的物体飞过。

Taking care of her little daughter accounts for most part of her time.
照顾她的小女儿占了她不部分时间。

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