Ubuntu安装mysql无初始密码解决办法

Ubuntu18.04/16.04安装mysql5.7时并没有提示输入密码，安装后进入mysql报错

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' 

解决办法

1. 进入到/etc/mysql 目录下，查看 debian.cnf 文件

    cd /etc/mysql
    sudo cat debian.cnf
   

   此时应该输出是

    [client]
    host     = localhost
    user     = debian-sys-maint
    password = km73KpVuSNg2UDHK
    socket   = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
    [mysql_upgrade]
    host     = localhost
    user     = debian-sys-maint
    password = km73KpVuSNg2UDHK
    socket   = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
   

2. 用以上用户密码登录

    mysql -u debian-sys-maint -p
    Enter password: 
   

3. 修改root用户的的密码
   这里是关键点，由于mysql5.7没有password字段，密码存储在authentication_string字段中，password()方法还能用

    mysql> show databases；
    mysql> use mysql; 
    mysql> update user set authentication_string=PASSWORD("你的密码") where user='root';
    mysql> update user set plugin="mysql_native_password";
    mysql> flush privileges; 
    mysql> quit;
   

4. 重启mysql

    /etc/init.d/mysql restart;
   

成功！然后就能使用用户密码正常进入了