Spring5—事务

1. 概念

1. 事务是数据库操作最基本单元，逻辑上一组操作，要么都成功，如果有一个失败所有操作都失败。
2. 事务四个特性（ACID）
   （1）原子性
   （2）一致性
   （3）隔离性
   （4）持久性

2. 转账demo

demo整体结构

1. 创建数据库表，并添加记录
   
2. 创建xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!--开启注解扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.spring"></context:component-scan>

    <!--数据库连接池配置-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"
          destroy-method="close">
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///userdb"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="root"/>
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
    </bean>

    <!--jdbcTemplate配置-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <!--注入dataSource-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--创建事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <!--注入dataSource-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>
    <!--开启事务注解-->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"></tx:annotation-driven>
</beans>

或者使用全注解开发，创建配置类(作用同xml配置文件)

@Configuration //配置类注解
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.spring")
@EnableTransactionManagement //开启事务
public class TxConfig {
    //创建数据库连接池
    @Bean
    public DruidDataSource getDruidDataSource() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql:///userdb");
        dataSource.setUsername("root");
        dataSource.setPassword("root");
        return dataSource;
    }

    //创建JdbcTemplate对象
    @Bean
    public JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource) {
        JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate();
        jdbcTemplate.setDataSource(dataSource);
        return jdbcTemplate;
    }

    //创建事务管理器
    @Bean
    public DataSourceTransactionManager getDataSourceTransactionManager(DataSource dataSource) {
        DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager = new DataSourceTransactionManager();
        dataSourceTransactionManager.setDataSource(dataSource);
        return dataSourceTransactionManager;
    }
}

3. 创建UserDaoImpl.java和UserService.java
   UserDaoImpl.java

@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    @Override
    public void add() {
        String sql = "update t_account set money = money + ? where username = ?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql, 100, "CLarie");
    }

    @Override
    public void reduce() {
        String sql = "update t_account set money = money - ? where username = ?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql, 100, "Chiancc");
    }
}

UserService.java

@Service
@Transactional  //开启事务
public class UserService {
    //调用两个方法完成转账
    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;

    public void transfer() {
        userDao.reduce();
        // int i = 2 / 0;
        userDao.add();
    }
}

4. 测试类TestTrans.java

public class TestTrans {
    @Test
    public void test() {
        ApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config.xml"); //使用xml配置文件
        UserService userService = context.getBean("userService", UserService.class);
        userService.transfer();
    }

    @Test
    public void test2() {
        ApplicationContext context =
                new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TxConfig.class); //使用配置类
        UserService userService = context.getBean("userService", UserService.class);
        userService.transfer();
    }
}