基于蚁群聚类算法的图像边缘检测

一、简介
1 蚁群算法的提出
蚁群算法(ant colony optimization, ACO)，又称蚂蚁算法，是一种用来寻找优化路径的机率型算法。它由Marco Dorigo于1992年在他的博士论文中提出，其灵感来源于蚂蚁在寻找食物过程中发现路径的行为。遗传算法在模式识别、神经网络、机器学习、工业优化控制、自适应控制、生物科学、社会科学等方面都得到应用。
2 算法的基本原理

二、源代码
%%%%%%%%%%%初始部分，读取图像及计算相关信息%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

clear;
clc;

imgrgb=imread('timg.jpg');          %图像读入
imshow(imgrgb),title('显示真彩色图像');
imggray=imgrgb;
x=rgb2gray(imggray);  %将真彩色RGB图像转换成灰度图像
figure;imshow(x),title('显示灰度图像');
%灰度直方图是将数字图像中的所有像素，按照灰度值的大小，统计其出现的频率
figure;imhist(x),title('灰度直方图');   %显示图像灰度直方图

alpha=1;            %信息素重要程度因子
beta=5;             %启发函数重要程度因子
ant=numel(x);       %蚂蚁数目
r=10;               %聚类半径
rho=0.1;            %信息素挥发因子
ranta=0.9;          %隶属度
c=100;              %食物源中心（初始聚类中心）
new_m=0;            %类集合中所有像素灰度值总和
new_n=0;            %类集合中所有像素个数
x=double(x);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%计算蚂蚁i到食物源c的距离%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

for i=1:ant
    distance(i)=sqrt((x(i)-c)^2);
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%更新类集合中所有像素与食物源的距离%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

j=1;
for i=1:ant
   if distance(i)<=r;
     distance3(j)=distance(i);
     j=j+1;
 end
end 
%%%%%%%%%%%%计算蚂蚁i在路径上放置的信息浓度%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

for i=1:ant
   if distance(i)<=r;
       ph(i)=1;
   else
       ph(i)=0;
   end
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%计算各个像素的灰度值与聚类中心的相似度%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

for i=1:ant
    if distance(i)==0;
        similar(i)=1;
    else
    similar(i)=r/sqrt((x(i)-c)^2);
end
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%计算更新类中所有像素的信息素浓度的调整%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

for i=1:ant
    if distance(i)<=r;
        new_n=new_n+1;
        newph(new_n)=ph(i)*(1-rho^new_n)/(1-rho);
        newph1(new_n)=1;
    end
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%计算更新蚂蚁i的相似度的调整%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 
for i=1:ant
    if distance(i)<=r;
        similar1(i)=similar(i);
    end
end
similar2=similar1(find(similar1));
%%%%%%%%%%计算更新类集合中所有像素的信息浓度与相似度的调整%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 
allsum=newph1.*similar2;
for n=2:new_n
    allsum(n)=allsum(n-1)+allsum(n);
end
 for n=1:new_n
     newallsum(n)=allsum(n)/n;
 end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%计算概率%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

for n=1:new_n
   if distance3(n)==0;
        newp(n)=1;
    else
       newp(n)=((newph1(n)^alpha)*(similar2(n)^beta))/newallsum(n);
   end
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%计算类间所有像素的灰度值的平均值%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

for i=1:ant
    if distance(i)<=r;
        new_m(i)=x(i);
    end 
end
 new_m1=new_m(find(new_m));  
 new_m2=0;
  new_n2=0;
for n=1:new_n
    if newp(n)>ranta;
        new_m2=new_m2+new_m1(n);
        new_n2=new_n2+1;
    end
end
  T=new_m2/new_n2;
  new_m3=0;
  for n=1:new_n
  new_m3=new_m3+new_m1(n);
  T1=new_m3/new_n;
end
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%利用改进蚁群算法进行图像分割%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   
  x=uint8(x);
   x1=im2bw(x,T/255);
   x1=double(x1);
    for j=2:ant
     distance1(j)=sqrt((x1(j)-x1(j-1))^2);
 end