微服务调用Ribbon
简介
前面讲了eureka服务注册与发现,但是结合eureka集群的服务调用没讲。
这里的话 就要用到Ribbon,结合eureka,来实现服务的调用
Ribbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器,它有助于控制HTTP和TCP的客户端的行为。为Ribbon配置服务提供者地址后,Ribbon就可基于某种负载均衡算法,自动地帮助服务消费者去请求。Ribbon默认为我们提供了很多负载均衡算法,例如轮询、随机等。当然,我们也可为Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。
在Spring Cloud中,当Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时,Ribbon可自动从Eureka Server获取服务提供者地址列表,并基于负载均衡算法,请求其中一个服务提供者实例。展示了Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时的架构
初步应用
Ribbon是客户端负载均衡,所以肯定集成再消费端,也就是consumer端
① 在microservice-student-consumer-80中的pom.xml 加入 ribbon相关依赖
<!--ribbon相关依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
② application.yml
server:
port: 80
context-path: /
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.xwt.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.xwt.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.xwt.com:2003/eureka/
register-with-eureka: false
③ 在MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application这个启动类加使用注册中心的注解@EnableEurekaClient
ribbon结合eureka来调用服务提供者;
④ 在SpringCloudConfig 要加个负载均衡配置 @LoadBalanced
⑤ 要修改下StudentConsumerController的PRE_HOST,改成指定的微服务应用名称
我们的微服务应用名称是 microservice-student
所以服务调用者这边的控制器里PRE_HOST改成 http://MICROSERVICE-STUDENT即可
⑥ 当然这里要先在服务提供者microservice-student-provider-1001的application.yml加下配置 指定下应用名称:
application:
name: microservice-student
上面配置好后 我们可以测试下
先启动三个eureka 然后再启动服务提供者,再启动服务消费者
执行 http://localhost/student/list
结果出来说明配置OK
Ribbon负载均衡
按照它microservice-student-provider-1001建立一个microservice-student-provider子项目,然后将microservice-student-provider-1001这个子项目干掉
前面搭建了初步例子,但是还没实现真正负载均衡,我们这里要先搞三个服务提供者集群,然后才能演示负载均衡,以及负载均衡策略
复制项目microservice-student-provider-1002,microservice-student-provider-1003
把相对应的服务实例名称改下
配置三合一工程
将microservice-student-provider-1001的如下文件复制到microservice-student-provider中
microservice-student-provider的pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.xwt</groupId>
<artifactId>t237microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservice-student-provider</artifactId>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.xwt</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--添加注册中心Eureka相关配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- actuator监控引入 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
microservice-student-provider的yml文件
---
server:
port: 1001
context-path: /
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username: root
password: 123
jpa:
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
application:
name: microservice-student
profiles: provider-1001
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
appname: microservice-student
instance-id: microservice-student:1001
prefer-ip-address: true
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.xwt.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.xwt.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.xwt.com:2003/eureka/
info:
groupId: com.xwt.t237microservice
artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1001
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
userName: 宋冬野
phone: 10016
---
server:
port: 1002
context-path: /
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username: root
password: 123
jpa:
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
application:
name: microservice-student
profiles: provider-1002
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
appname: microservice-student
instance-id: microservice-student:1002
prefer-ip-address: true
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.xwt.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.xwt.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.xwt.com:2003/eureka/
info:
groupId: com.xwt.t237microservice
artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1001
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
userName: 宋冬野
phone: 10016
---
server:
port: 1003
context-path: /
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username: root
password: 123
jpa:
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
application:
name: microservice-student
profiles: provider-1003
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
appname: microservice-student
instance-id: microservice-student:1003
prefer-ip-address: true
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.xwt.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.xwt.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.xwt.com:2003/eureka/
info:
groupId: com.xwt.t237microservice
artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1001
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
userName: 宋冬野
phone: 10016
microservice-student-provider的启动类
package com.xwt.microservicestudentprovider;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@EntityScan("com.xwt.*.*")
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceStudentProviderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentProviderApplication.class, args);
}
}
在StudentProviderController.java中加入以下代码
@Value("${server.port}")`在这里插入代码片`
private String port;
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
return "工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务";
}
StudentConsumerController.java
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT + "/student/ribbon", String.class);
}
有这种的话 就说明没问题
测试服务提供者
http://localhost:1001/student/list
http://localhost:1002/student/list
http://localhost:1003/student/list
每刷新一次不同的服务器提供不同的服务http://localhost/student/ribbon
服务消费端 SpringCloudConfig配置类
package com.xwt.microservicestudentconsumer80.config;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RetryRule;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {
@LoadBalanced
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
/**
* 自定义轮询算法
* @return
*/
@Bean
public IRule myRule(){
return new RetryRule();
}
}
指定IRule实现
当一个服务宕机了 有一定的概率会访问到
Feign简介及应用
简介
声明式服务调用Feign简单介绍下;
Feign是一个声明式的Web Service客户端,它使得编写Web Serivce客户端变得更加简单。我们只需要使用Feign来创建一个接口并用注解来配置它既可完成。它具备可插拔的注解支持,包括Feign注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign也支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Spring Cloud为Feign增加了对Spring MVC注解的支持,还整合了Ribbon和Eureka来提供均衡负载的HTTP客户端实现。
这段话看起来比较懵逼,这里说下实际使用,前面Ribbon调用服务提供者,我们通过restTemplate调用,缺点是,多个地方调用,同一个请求要写多次,不方便统一维护,这时候Feign来了,就直接把请求统一搞一个service作为FeignClient,然后其他调用Controller需要用到的,直接注入service,直接调用service方法即可;同时Feign整合了Ribbon和Eureka,所以要配置负载均衡的话,直接配置Ribbon即可,无其他特殊地方;当然Fiegn也整合了服务容错保护,断路器Hystrix,后面再说。
应用
在common项目里建一个service(实际项目肯定是多个service)作为Feign客户端,用Feign客户端来调用服务器提供者,当然可以配置负载均衡;Feign客户端定义的目的,就是为了方便给其他项目调用
① 修改 microservice-common pom.xml引入Feign依赖:
<!--引入Feign依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>
② 建StudentClientService接口
package com.xwt.microservicecommon.service;
import com.xwt.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Student Feign接口客户端
* @author Administrator
*
*/
@FeignClient(value="MICROSERVICE-STUDENT")
public interface StudentClientService {
/**
* 根据id查询学生信息
* @param id
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value="/student/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
/**
* 查询学生信息
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value="/student/list")
public List<Student> list();
/**
* 添加或者修改学生信息
* @param student
* @return
*/
@PostMapping(value="/student/save")
public boolean save(Student student);
/**
* 根据id删除学生信息
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value="/student/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
@RequestMapping("/student/ribbon")
public String ribbon();
}
③ 新建一个Feign消费者项目
参考microservice-student-consumer-80建一个microservice-student-consumer-feign-80
代码都复制一份 包括pom.xml
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.xwt</groupId>
<artifactId>t237microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservice-student-consumer-feign-80</artifactId>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--ribbon相关依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--引入Feign依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.xwt</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
SpringCloudConfig.java
package com.xwt.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80.config;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RetryRule;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {
@LoadBalanced // 引入ribbon负载均衡
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
/**
* 自定义调用规则(服务提供者掉线后不再调用,解决轮询问题)
* @return
*/
@Bean
public IRule myRule(){
return new RetryRule();
}
}
yml.xml
server:
port: 80
context-path: /
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.xwt.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.xwt.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.xwt.com:2003/eureka/
register-with-eureka: false
修改启动类名称和加注解
启动类名称改下,改成StudentConsumerFeignApplication_80 同时加个注解@EnableFeignClients
package com.xwt.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients(value = "com.xwt.*.*")
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceStudentConsumerFeign80Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumerFeign80Application.class, args);
}
}
StudentConsumerController.java
package com.xwt.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80.controller;
import com.xwt.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import com.xwt.microservicecommon.service.StudentClientService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentConsumerController {
@Autowired
private StudentClientService studentClientService;
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@PostMapping(value = "/save")
private boolean save(Student student) {
return studentClientService.save(student);
}
@GetMapping(value = "/list")
public List<Student> list() {
return studentClientService.list();
}
@GetMapping(value = "/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
return studentClientService.get(id);
}
@GetMapping(value = "/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
try {
studentClientService.delete(id);
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
}
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
return studentClientService.ribbon();
}
}
因为现在用Fiegn,所以把restTemplate去掉,改成注入service,调用service方法来实现服务的调用
SpringCloudConfig类的myRule
先启动注册中心,生产者,消费者
当服务宕机就不会访问 重新连接时又会重新访问