鸟哥的私房菜——shell脚本

shell脚本的作用

目前我对于shell脚本的理解就是将多条命令行放入一个文件中，，通过执行这个文件来执行其中的命令，而不需要一个一个的去执行那些命令，将工作变简单。

shell脚本的运行

使用./或者bash命令来执行脚本时，都是在一个新的bash环境中执行脚本的命令，子进程执行结束后其中的变量就释放掉了，在父进程中无法看到。但是通过source执行脚本时，是在父进程中执行，就能获取变量的值。

shell脚本的默认变量

$0：执行的脚本文件名
$1：第一个参数
$#：表示脚本文件执行时后边接的参数个数
$@：表示每个参数的内容

条件判断

格式：

if [条件]; then

fi

多重条件判断

函数

示例

读取输入，并输出

#!/bin/bash
read -p "Please input your first name: " firstname
read -p "Please input your last name: " lastname
echo -e "\nYour full name is: ${firstname} ${lastname}."

根据输入创建文件

#!/bin/bash
echo -e "I will use 'touch' command to create 3 files."
read -p "Please intput your filename: "  fileuser
filename=${fileuser:-"filename"}
date1=$(date --date='2 days ago' +%Y%m%d)
date2=$(date --date='1 days ago' +%Y%m%d)
date3=$(date +%Y%m%d)

file1=${filename}${date1}
file2=${filename}${date2}
file3=${filename}${date3}
touch "${file1}"
touch "${file2}"
touch "${file3}"

文件判断

#!/bin/bash
echo -e "Please input a filename, I will check the filename's type and permission. \n\n"
read -p "Input a filename: " filename
test -z ${filename} && echo "YOU MUST input a filename." && exit 0
test ! -e ${filename} && echo "The filename ${filename} DO NOT exit" && exit 0
test -f ${filename} && filetype="regulare file"
test -d ${filename} && filetype="directory"
test -r ${filename} && perm="readable"
test -r ${filename} && perm="${perm} writable"
test -r ${filename} && perm="${perm} executable"

echo "The filename: ${filename} is a ${filetype}"
echo "And the permissions for you are: ${perm}"

默认变量输出

#!/bin/bash
echo "The script name is         ==> ${0}"
echo "Total parameter number is  ==> $#"
echo "Your whole parameter is    ==> '$@'"
echo "The first parameter is     ==> ${1}"

条件判断

#!/bin/bash
read -p "Please input (Y/N): " yn
if [ "${yn}" == "Y" ] || [ "${yn}" == "y" ]; then
        echo "Ok,continue"
        exit 0
fi

if [ "${yn}" == "N" ] || [ "${yn}" == "n" ]; then
        echo "Oh,interrupt!"
        exit 0
fi
echo "I don't know what your choice is " && exit 0

多重条件判断

#!/bin/bash
if [ "${1}" == "hello" ]; then
        echo "Hello, how are you?"
elif [ "${1}" == "" ]; then
        echo "You MUST input parameters, ex> {${0} someword}"
else
        echo "The only parameter is 'hello', ex> {${0} hello}"
fi

#!/bin/bash
case ${1} in
        "one")
                echo "your choice is ONE"
                ;;
        "two")
                echo "your choice is TWO"
                ;;
        "three")
                echo "your choice is THREE"
                ;;
        *)
                echo "Usage ${0} {one|two|three}"
                ;;
esac

函数

#!/bin/bash
function printit()
{
        echo "Your choice is ${1}"
}
echo "This program will print your selection !"
case ${1} in
        "one")
                printit 1
                ;;
        "two")
                printit 2
                ;;
        "three")
                printit 3
                ;;
        *)
                echo "Usage ${0} {one|two|three}"
                ;;
esac

for循环

简单循环

for i in 1 2 3 4 5
do 
    echo $i
done

参数遍历

for i
do 
    echo $i
done

遍历变量

for i in {1..6}
do 
    echo $i
done

for i in {x,y{j,k}{1,2,3},z}
do 
    echo $i
done

for i in $(seq 1 5)
do 
    echo $i
done

for i in `cat user.txt`
do 
    if id $i &>/dev/null ;then
        echo "$i existed!"
    else
        echo "$i not existed!"
    fi
done

for ((i=1;i<=5;i++))
do 
    echo $i
done