c# 保存软件配置

InspireW

已于 2023-04-12 16:04:31 修改

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分类专栏： C# 学习笔记文章标签： c# 开发语言

于 2021-12-23 17:02:18 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43680751/article/details/122109163

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一、Settings.setting 文件

方便保存和读取参数

1.1 配置Settings.settings文件

在这里插入图片描述
自由配置参数名称和值，
注：范围的选择（用户运行时可更改，应用程序则运行时不可更改）

1.2 加载配置信息

在窗体加载时，直接载入

private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
	this.label1.Text = Properties.Settings.Default.SettingInfo_1;
	this.checkBox1.Checked = Properties.Settings.Default.SettingInfo_2;
}

1.3 保存配置信息

private void Form1_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
{
	Properties.Settings.Default.SettingInfo_1 = "NewSettingInfo_1";
	Properties.Settings.Default.SettingInfo_2 = true;
	Properties.Settings.Default.Save();			//使用Save方法保存更改,必要
}

二、使用文本保存

通过类【iniHelper】对数据进行直接保存，文件名：Config.ini 保存结果如下

[PLC参数]
IP=192.168.2.4
Port=19622

2.1 引入命名空间

using System.IO;

2.2 新增IniConfigHelper 类

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Helper
{
    public class IniConfigHelper
    {
        public static string filePath = "";

        #region API函数声明

        [DllImport("kernel32")]
        private static extern long WritePrivateProfileString(string section, string key,
            string val, string filePath);

        //需要调用GetPrivateProfileString的重载
        [DllImport("kernel32", EntryPoint = "GetPrivateProfileString")]
        private static extern long GetPrivateProfileString(string section, string key,
            string def, StringBuilder retVal, int size, string filePath);

        [DllImport("kernel32", EntryPoint = "GetPrivateProfileString")]
        private static extern uint GetPrivateProfileStringA(string section, string key,
            string def, Byte[] retVal, int size, string filePath);

        #endregion

        #region 获取所有的Sections
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取所有的Sections
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="iniFilename">文件路径</param>
        /// <returns>Sections集合</returns>
        public static List<string> ReadSections(string iniFilename)
        {
            List<string> result = new List<string>();
            Byte[] buf = new Byte[65536];
            uint len = GetPrivateProfileStringA(null, null, null, buf, buf.Length, iniFilename);
            int j = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
                if (buf[i] == 0)
                {
                    result.Add(Encoding.Default.GetString(buf, j, i - j));
                    j = i + 1;
                }
            return result;
        }

        #endregion

        #region 获取指定Section下的所有Keys
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取指定Section下的所有Keys
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="SectionName">SectionName</param>
        /// <param name="iniFilename">文件路径</param>
        /// <returns>Keys集合</returns>
        public static List<string> ReadKeys(string SectionName, string iniFilename)
        {
            List<string> result = new List<string>();
            Byte[] buf = new Byte[65536];
            uint len = GetPrivateProfileStringA(SectionName, null, null, buf, buf.Length, iniFilename);
            int j = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
                if (buf[i] == 0)
                {
                    result.Add(Encoding.Default.GetString(buf, j, i - j));
                    j = i + 1;
                }
            return result;
        }

        #endregion

        #region 读Ini文件

        public static string ReadIniData(string Section, string Key, string NoText)
        {
            return ReadIniData(Section, Key, NoText, filePath);
        }
        public static string ReadIniData(string Section, string Key, string NoText, string iniFilePath)
        {
            if (File.Exists(iniFilePath))
            {
                StringBuilder temp = new StringBuilder(1024);
                GetPrivateProfileString(Section, Key, NoText, temp, 1024, iniFilePath);
                return temp.ToString();
            }
            else return string.Empty;
        }

        #endregion

        #region 写Ini文件

        public static bool WriteIniData(string Section, string Key, string Value)
        {
            return WriteIniData(Section, Key, Value, filePath);
        }

        public static bool WriteIniData(string Section, string Key, string Value, string iniFilePath)
        {
            long OpStation = WritePrivateProfileString(Section, Key, Value, iniFilePath);
            if (OpStation == 0)
                return false;
            else return true;
        }
        #endregion
    }
}

2.3 测试新建数据

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    Helper.IniConfigHelper.WriteIniData("PLC参数", "IP", "192.168.2.4", Application.StartupPath + "\\Settings.ini");
}

2.4 关闭窗口时保存数据

private void Form1_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
{
	// 如果文件不存在则创建文件后再保存
    if (!File.Exists(configPath))
    {
         FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(configPath, FileMode.Create);
         fileStream.Close();
    }
    IniConfigHelper.WriteIniData("PLC参数", "IP", this.textBoxIPAddress.Text.Trim(), configPath);
    IniConfigHelper.WriteIniData("PLC参数", "Port", this.textBoxPort.Text.Trim(), configPath);
}

2.5 窗口加载时读取数据

private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
	 // 如果文件存在，则读取相应的参数信息
     if (File.Exists(configPath))
     {
          this.textBoxIPAddress.Text = IniConfigHelper.ReadIniData("PLC参数", "IP", "", configPath);
          this.textBoxPort.Text = IniConfigHelper.ReadIniData("PLC参数", "Port", "", configPath);
     }
}

三、序列化与反序列化

更方便读取和写入大量配置信息
数据更安全

3.1 引入命名空间

using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;

3.2 新增Student 类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace #此处修改为项目名称
{
    [Serializable]	// 对象可序列化标记，必须
    class Student
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Gender { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
        public DateTime Birthday { get; set; }
    }
}

3.3 保存配置

private void btnSerialize_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
     //封装对象信息
     Student objStu = new Student()
     {
          Name = this.txtName.Text.Trim(),
          Age = Convert.ToInt16(this.txtAge.Text.Trim()),
          Gender = this.txtGender.Text.Trim(),
          Birthday = Convert.ToDateTime(this.txtBirthday.Text.Trim())
     };
     //【1】创建文件流
     FileStream fs = new FileStream("C:\\objStu.obj", FileMode.Create);
     //【2】创建二进制格式化器
     BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
     //【3】调用序列化方法
     formatter.Serialize(fs, objStu);
     //【4】关闭文件流
     fs.Close();
}

3.4 打开配置

private void btnDeserialize_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
     //【1】创建文件流
     FileStream fs = new FileStream("C:\\objStu.obj", FileMode.Open);
     //【2】创建二进制格式化器
     BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
     //【3】调用序列化方法
     Student objStu = (Student)formatter.Deserialize(fs);
     //【4】关闭文件流
     fs.Close();
     //显示对象属性
     this.txtName.Text = objStu.Name;
     this.txtAge.Text = objStu.Age.ToString();
     this.txtGender.Text = objStu.Gender;
     this.txtBirthday.Text = objStu.Birthday.ToShortDateString();
}

四、XML

（更新：本文不是LinQ 进行操作，推荐使用C#中的Linq to Xml详解）

4.1 引入命名空间

using System.Xml;

4.2 XML示范文件

<Students>
	<Student>
		<StuName>王永利</StuName>
		<StuAge>19</StuAge>
		<Gender>男</Gender>
		<ClassName>计算机1班</ClassName>
	</Student>
	<Student>
		<StuName>王大拿</StuName>
		<StuAge>22</StuAge>
		<Gender>男</Gender>
		<ClassName>计算机2班</ClassName>
	</Student>
	<DataInfo>
		<Version vNo="1.2" pTime="2012-12-12">数据版本信息</Version>
	</DataInfo>
</Students>

4.3 写入XML文件（待补充）

4.4 读取XML文件

private void btnLoadXML_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
     XmlDocument objDoc = new XmlDocument();  //【1】创建XML文档操作对象
     objDoc.Load("StuScore.xml");  //【2】加载XML文件到文档对象中
     XmlNode rootNode = objDoc.DocumentElement;  //【3】获取XML文档根目录
     List<Student> list = new List<Student>();//创建对象集合         
     foreach (XmlNode stuNode in rootNode.ChildNodes)  //【4】遍历根节点（根节点包含所有节点）
     {
          if (stuNode.Name == "Student")
          {
               Student objStu = new Student();
               foreach (XmlNode subNode in stuNode)  //【5】遍历子节点
          {
               switch (subNode.Name)//根据子节点的名称封装到对象的属性
               {
                     case "StuName":
                          objStu.StuName = subNode.InnerText;//获取《节点名称》对应的《节点值》
                          break;
                     case "StuAge":
                          objStu.StuAge = Convert.ToInt16(subNode.InnerText);
                          break;
                     case "Gender":
                          objStu.Gender = subNode.InnerText;
                          break;
                     case "ClassName":
                          objStu.ClassName = subNode.InnerText;
                          break;
                     }
               }
               list.Add(objStu);
          }
     }
     this.dgvStuList.DataSource = list;
}

4.5 查找方法

private void btnShowVersion_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
      //创建XML读取器
      XmlTextReader tReader = new XmlTextReader("StuScore.xml");
      string info = string.Empty;
      //循环查询
      while (tReader.Read())
      {
           if (tReader.Name == "Version")
           {
                info = "版本：" + tReader.GetAttribute("vNo") + " 发布时间：" + tReader.GetAttribute("pTime");
                break;
            }
      }
      MessageBox.Show(info,"数据版本");
}