目录
一、什么是模板引擎?
模板引擎是将数据变为视图最优雅的解决方案。
二、将数据变为视图的方法:
1、纯DOM法
通过原生JS分别创建( document.createElement(" "))不同的标签把子元素的标签添加(appendChild())到父元素的内容上。
<ul id="list">
</ul>
<script>
var arr = [
{ "name": "小明", "age": 12, "sex": "男" },
{ "name": "小红", "age": 11, "sex": "女" },
{ "name": "小强", "age": 13, "sex": "男" }
];
var list = document.getElementById('list');
for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
// 每遍历一项,都要用DOM方法去创建li标签
let oLi = document.createElement('li');
// 创建hd这个div
let hdDiv = document.createElement('div');
hdDiv.className = 'hd';
hdDiv.innerText = arr[i].name + '的基本信息';
// 创建bd这个div
let bdDiv = document.createElement('div');
bdDiv.className = 'bd';
// 创建三个p
let p1 = document.createElement('p');
p1.innerText = '姓名:' + arr[i].name;
bdDiv.appendChild(p1);
let p2 = document.createElement('p');
p2.innerText = '年龄:' + arr[i].age;
bdDiv.appendChild(p2);
let p3 = document.createElement('p');
p3.innerText = '性别:' + arr[i].sex;
bdDiv.appendChild(p3);
// 创建的节点是孤儿节点,所以必须要上树才能被用户看见
oLi.appendChild(hdDiv);
// 创建的节点是孤儿节点,所以必须要上树才能被用户看见
oLi.appendChild(bdDiv);
// 创建的节点是孤儿节点,所以必须要上树才能被用户看见
list.appendChild(oLi);
}
</script>
2、数据join()法:
join() 方法用于把数组中的所有元素放入一个字符串,元素是通过指定的分隔符进行分隔的。
<ul id="list"></ul>
<script>
var arr = [
{ "name": "小明", "age": 12, "sex": "男" },
{ "name": "小红", "age": 11, "sex": "女" },
{ "name": "小强", "age": 13, "sex": "男" }
];
var list = document.getElementById('list');
// 遍历arr数组,每遍历一项,就以字符串的视角将HTML字符串添加到list中
for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
list.innerHTML += [
'<li>',
' <div class="hd">' + arr[i].name + '的信息</div>',
' <div class="bd">',
' <p>姓名:' + arr[i].name + '</p>',
' <p>年龄:' + arr[i].age + '</p>',
' <p>性别:' + arr[i].sex + '</p>',
' </div>',
'</li>'
].join('')
}
</script>
3、ES6的反引导法:
使用 ``进行字符串拼接,通过${arr[i].name}获取到元素的值。
<ul id="list"></ul>
<script>
var arr = [
{ "name": "小明", "age": 12, "sex": "男" },
{ "name": "小红", "age": 11, "sex": "女" },
{ "name": "小强", "age": 13, "sex": "男" }
];
var list = document.getElementById('list');
// 遍历arr数组,每遍历一项,就以字符串的视角将HTML字符串添加到list中
for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
list.innerHTML += `
<li>
<div class="hd">${arr[i].name}的基本信息</div>
<div class="bd">
<p>姓名:${arr[i].name}</p>
<p>性别:${arr[i].sex}</p>
<p>年龄:${arr[i].age}</p>
</div>
</li>
`;
}
</script>
4、模板引擎mustache:
它的嵌入标记为 “{{}}” ,也是被Vue沿用的语法。需要先去下载 mustache.js 这里我们去BootCDN上下载直接引用。
使用Mustache.render(templateStr,data)方法。templateStr:模板字符串,data数据。
(1)循环对象数组:
<div id="container">
<ul>
<li>
<div class="hd">小明的基本信息</div>
<div class="bd">
<p>姓名:小明</p>
<p>年龄:12</p>
<p>性别:男</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="hd">小红的基本信息</div>
<div class="bd">
<p>姓名:小红</p>
<p>年龄:11</p>
<p>性别:女</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="hd">小强的基本信息</div>
<div class="bd">
<p>姓名:小强</p>
<p>年龄:13</p>
<p>性别:男</p>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
<script src="../js/mustache.js"></script>
<script>
var templateStr = `
<ul>
{{#arr}}
<li>
<div class="hd">{{name}}的基本信息</div>
<div class="bd">
<p>姓名:{{name}}</p>
<p>性别:{{sex}}</p>
<p>年龄:{{age}}</p>
</div>
</li>
{{/arr}}
</ul>
`;
var data = {
arr: [{
"name": "小明",
"age": 12,
"sex": "男"
},
{
"name": "小红",
"age": 11,
"sex": "女"
},
{
"name": "小强",
"age": 13,
"sex": "男"
},
]
};
var domStr = Mustache.render(templateStr, data);
var dom = document.getElementById("container");
dom.innerHTML = domStr;
console.log(domStr);
</script>
(2)数组嵌套:
<div id="container">
</div>
</body>
<script src="../js/mustache.js"></script>
<script>
var templateStr = `
<ul>
{{#arr}}
<li>{{name}}的爱好是:
<ol>{{#hobbies}}
<li>{{.}}</li>
{{/hobbies}}
</ol>
</li>
{{/arr}}
</ul>
`;
var data = {
arr:[
{"name":"小明","age":12,"hobbies":["游泳","羽毛球"]},
{"name":"小红","age":11,"hobbies":["编程","弹钢琴"]},
{"name":"小强","age":13,"hobbies":["游泳","羽毛球"]}
]
};
var domStr = Mustache.render(templateStr,data);
var dom = document.getElementById("container");
dom.innerHTML = domStr;
console.log(domStr);
</script>
(3)不循环对象数组:
<div id="container">
</div>
</body>
<script src="../js/mustache.js"></script>
<script>
var templateStr = `
<h1>我买了一个{{thing}},好{{mood}}啊!</h1>
`;
var data = {
thing:"华为手机",
mood:"心情"
};
var domStr = Mustache.render(templateStr,data);
var dom = document.getElementById("container");
dom.innerHTML = domStr;
console.log(domStr);
</script>
(4)循环简单数组:
<div id="container">
</div>
</body>
<script src="../js/mustache.js"></script>
<script>
var templateStr = `
<ul>
{{#arr}}
<li>{{.}}</li>
{{/arr}}
</ul>
`;
var data = {
arr:["A","B","C"]
};
var domStr = Mustache.render(templateStr,data);
var dom = document.getElementById("container");
dom.innerHTML = domStr;
console.log(domStr);
</script>
(5)布尔值:
data里面m的true、false可以控制文本内容的显示。
<div id="container">
</div>
</body>
<script src="../js/mustache.js"></script>
<script>
var templateStr = `
{{#m}}
<h1>您好</h1>
{{/m}}
`;
var data = {
m:true
};
var domStr = Mustache.render(templateStr,data);
var dom = document.getElementById("container");
dom.innerHTML = domStr;
console.log(domStr);
</script>
注:代码地址。