1.1:系统启动-第一阶段bootset.s

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43690845/article/details/105181582

1：功能

系统开机后，从0xFFFF0处（ROM）取出第一条指令开始执行，进行BIOS自检，检查正常后就用BIOS的输入功能将启动磁盘上的bootset.s读入内存0X7C00处，然后将自己移动到0X90000处。
该段程序的主要作用就是：
1）将setup加载到bootset后，0X90200处
2）调用int 0X10中断，输出屏幕信息：“Loading system…”
3）将system模块加载到内存0X10000处
4）跳到setup执行setup程序

2：代码实现

2.1:将自己从0X7C00移动到0X90000

BOOTSEG  = 0x07c0                       ! original address of boot-sector
INITSEG  = 0x9000                       ! we move boot here - out of the way

_start:
        mov     ax,#BOOTSEG	//设置ds段接触器为0X7C0
        mov     ds,ax
        mov     ax,#INITSEG	//设置es段接触器为0X9000
        mov     es,ax
        mov     cx,#256	//设置移动数值
        sub     si,si		//源地址 ds:si = 0X7C0:0X0000
        sub     di,di		//目的地址 es:di = 0X9000：0X0000
        rep
        movw
        jmpi    go,INITSEG	//跳转到0X90000处（INIESEG为段地址）

2.2：读取setup，加载到0X90200处

go:     mov     ax,cs	//将ds,es,ss都设置为移动后代码的段处（0x900）
        mov     ds,ax
        mov     es,ax
        mov     ss,ax
        mov     sp,#0xFF00              ! arbitrary value >>512	//设置堆栈指针

! load the setup-sectors directly after the bootblock.
! Note that 'es' is already set up.
//利用BIOS的中断0X13将setup模块，从第二扇区开始读到0X90200处，共读四个扇区
load_setup:
        mov     dx,#0x0000              ! drive 0, head 0
        mov     cx,#0x0002              ! sector 2, track 0
        mov     bx,#0x0200              ! address = 512, in INITSEG
        mov     ax,#0x0200+SETUPLEN     ! service 2, nr of sectors
        int     0x13                    ! read it
        jnc     ok_load_setup           ! ok - continue
        mov     dx,#0x0000
        mov     ax,#0x0000              ! reset the diskette
        int     0x13
        j       load_setup

2.3：输出屏幕信息：“Loading system…”

! Print some inane message

        mov     ah,#0x03                ! read cursor pos
        xor     bh,bh		//读光标的位置
        int     0x10

        mov     cx,#24		//总共24个字符
        mov     bx,#0x0007              ! page 0, attribute 7 (normal)
        mov     bp,#msg1	//指向要显示的字符串
        mov     ax,#0x1301              ! write string, move cursor
        int     0x10		//写字符串并移动光标
.........
msg1:	//字符串信息
        .byte 13,10	//回车，换行的ASCII码
        .ascii "Loading system ..."
        .byte 13,10,13,10	//共24个字符

2.4：将system模块加载到内存0X10000处

ok, we've written the message, now
! we want to load the system (at 0x10000)

        mov     ax,#SYSSEG
        mov     es,ax           ! segment of 0x010000
        call    read_it	//读磁盘上的system模块，es为输入参数
        call    kill_motor

2.5：跳到setup，执行setup程序

！after that (everyting loaded), we jump to the setup-routine loaded directly after
！the bootblock:

        jmpi    0,SETUPSEG	//跳转到0X90200处，执行setup代码