线程通讯
1. 为什么要线程通信
多个线程并发执行时,在默认情况下CPU是随机切换线程的,有时我们希望CPU按我们的规律执行线程,此时就需要线程之间协调通信。
2. 线程通讯方式
线程间通信常用方式如下:
休眠唤醒方式:
Object的wait、notify、notifyAll
Condition的await、signal、signalAll
CountDownLatch:用于某个线程A等待若干个其他线程执行完之后,它才执行
CyclicBarrier:一组线程等待至某个状态之后再全部同时执行
Semaphore:用于控制对某组资源的访问权限
休眠唤醒方式
1.1Object的wait、notify、notifyAll
public class WaitNotifyRunnable {
private Object obj = new Object();
private Integer i=0;
public void odd() {
while(i<10){
synchronized (obj){
if(i%2 == 1){
System.out.println("奇数:"+i);
i++;
obj.notify();
} else {
try {
obj.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
public void even(){
while(i<10){
synchronized (obj){
if(i%2 == 0){
System.out.println("偶数:"+i);
i++;
obj.notify();
} else {
try {
obj.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
final WaitNotifyRunnable runnable = new WaitNotifyRunnable();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
runnable.odd();
}
}, "偶数线程");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
runnable.even();
}
}, "奇数线程");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
1.2Condition的await、signal、signalAll
public class WaitNotifyRunnable{
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
private Integer i=0;
public void odd() {
while(i<10){
lock.lock();
try{
if(i%2 == 1){
System.out.println("奇数:"+i);
i++;
condition.signal();
} else {
condition.await();
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
public void even(){
while(i<10){
lock.lock();
try{
if(i%2 == 0){
System.out.println("偶数:"+i);
i++;
condition.signal();
} else {
condition.await();
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
final WaitNotifyRunnable runnable = new WaitNotifyRunnable();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
runnable.odd();
}
}, "偶数线程");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
runnable.even();
}
}, "奇数线程");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
Object和Condition休眠唤醒区别
object wait()必须在synchronized(同步锁)下使用,
object wait()必须要通过Nodify()方法进行唤醒
condition await() 必须和Lock(互斥锁/共享锁)配合使用
condition await() 必须通过 signal() 方法进行唤醒
2.CountDownLatch方式
CountDownLatch是在java1.5被引入的,存在于java.util.concurrent包下。
CountDownLatch这个类能够使一个线程等待其他线程完成各自的工作后再执行。
CountDownLatch是通过一个计数器来实现的,计数器的初始值为线程的数量。
每当一个线程完成了自己的任务后,计数器的值就会减1。当计数器值到达0时,它表示所有的线程已经完成了任务,然后在闭锁上等待的线程就可以恢复执行任务。
示例代码:
public class CountDown {
private Integer i = 0;
private CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
public void odd(){
while(i < 10){
if(i%2 == 1){
System.out.println("奇数:"+i);
i++;
countDownLatch.countDown();
} else {
try {
countDownLatch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public void even(){
while(i < 10){
if(i%2 == 0){
System.out.println("偶数:"+i);
i++;
countDownLatch.countDown();
} else {
try {
countDownLatch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
final CountDown countDown = new CountDown();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
countDown.odd();
}
},"奇数");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
countDown.even();
}
},"偶数");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
3.CyclicBarrier方式
CyclicBarrier是在java1.5被引入的,存在于java.util.concurrent包下。
CyclicBarrier实现让一组线程等待至某个状态之后再全部同时执行。
CyclicBarrier底层是
三个线程同时启动,示例代码如下
public class CyclicBarrierDemo {
public static void main(String[] args){
final CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(3);
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":准备...");
try {
cyclicBarrier.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"启动完毕:"+new Date().getTime());
}
},"线程1").start();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":准备...");
try {
cyclicBarrier.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"启动完毕:"+new Date().getTime());
}
},"线程2").start();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":准备...");
try {
cyclicBarrier.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"启动完毕:"+new Date().getTime());
}
},"线程3").start();
}
}
4.Semaphore方式
Semaphore是在java1.5被引入的,存在于java.util.concurrent包下。
Semaphore用于控制对某组资源的访问权限。
工人使用机器工作,示例代码如下:
public class SemaphoreDemo {
//内部类
static class Machine implements Runnable{
private int num;
private Semaphore semaphore;
public Machine(int num, Semaphore semaphore) {
this.num = num;
this.semaphore = semaphore;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
semaphore.acquire();//请求机器
System.out.println("工人"+this.num+"请求机器,正在使用机器");
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("工人"+this.num+"使用完毕,已经释放机器");
semaphore.release();//释放机器
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
int worker = 8;//工人数
Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(3);//机器数
for (int i=0; i< worker; i++){
new Thread(new Machine(i, semaphore)).start();
}
}
}
小结
sleep和wait区别
wait和notify区别
wait和notify都是Object中的方法
wait和notify执行前线程都必须获得对象锁
wait的作用是使当前线程进行等待
notify的作用是通知其他等待当前线程的对象锁的线程