RESTFul

最新推荐文章于 2022-09-01 14:21:37 发布

狂派爱丽丝

最新推荐文章于 2022-09-01 14:21:37 发布

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文章标签： restful java 后端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43696229/article/details/122794754

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RESTFul

RESTFUL是一种网络应用程序的设计风格和开发方式，基于HTTP，可以使用XML格式定义或JSON格式定义。RESTFUL适用于移动互联网厂商作为业务接口的场景，实现第三方OTT调用移动网络资源的功能，动作类型为新增、变更、删除所调用资源。

RESTFul的实现

具体说，就是HTTP协议里面，四个表示操作方式的动词：GET、POST、PUT、DELETE

他们分别体现GET（查找）、post（添加新建）、put（修改）、delete（删除）

同时我们可以通过对一个资源进行命名来对资源进行状态转移，就如我们要修改user中的信息，我们有两个不同的方法（一个客户端另一个为管理端。）我们可以通过同一个命名（url）来对一个资源进行状态转移，其实也就是增删查改。

RESTFul风格提倡URL地址使用统一风格设计，从前到后各个单词使用斜杠分开，不使用问号键值对方式携带请求参数，而是将要发送给服务器的数据作为Url地址的一部分，以保证整体风格的一致性。

操作	传统方式	REST风格
查询操作	getUserById?id=1	user/1–>get请求
保存操作	saveUser	user–>post请求
删除操作	deleteUser?id=1	user/1–>delete请求
更新操作	updateUser	user–>put请求方式

Restful使用(GET、POST)

创建UserController


    @RequestMapping("/test_restful")
    public String test(){
        return "test_restful";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/user", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getAllUser(){
        System.out.println("查询所有用户信息");
        return "success";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getUserById(){
        System.out.println("查询单个用户");
        return "success";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String addUser(HttpServletRequest reqs){
        String username = reqs.getParameter("username");
        String password = reqs.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println("添加用户 "+" 账号为："+username+"密码为："+password);
        return "success";
    }

创建test_restful.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a th:href="@{/user}">查询所有信息</a>
<a th:href="@{/user/1}">查询单个信息</a>
<form th:action="@{/user}" method="post">
    用户名<input type="text" name = "username"><br>
    密码<input type="password" name = "password"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="添加">
</form>
</body>
</html>

在这里插入图片描述
我们点击查询所有信息

控制台输出

点击查找单个信息

在文本框中输入自己的信息

点击提交，跳转成功

我们看向控制台

RESTFul案例

创建employee类

package com.jin.rest.bean;
public class Employee {

    private Integer id;
    private String lastName;

    private String email;
    //1 male, 0 female
    private Integer gender;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public Integer getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(Integer gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Employee(Integer id, String lastName, String email, Integer gender) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.lastName = lastName;
        this.email = email;
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Employee() {
    }
}

创建对应的持久层

package com.jin.rest.dao;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import com.jin.rest.bean.Employee;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;


@Repository
public class EmployeeDao {

    private static Map<Integer, Employee> employees = null;

    static{
        employees = new HashMap<Integer, Employee>();

        employees.put(1001, new Employee(1001, "E-AA", "aa@163.com", 1));
        employees.put(1002, new Employee(1002, "E-BB", "bb@163.com", 1));
        employees.put(1003, new Employee(1003, "E-CC", "cc@163.com", 0));
        employees.put(1004, new Employee(1004, "E-DD", "dd@163.com", 0));
        employees.put(1005, new Employee(1005, "E-EE", "ee@163.com", 1));
    }

    private static Integer initId = 1006;

    public void save(Employee employee){
        if(employee.getId() == null){
            employee.setId(initId++);
        }
        employees.put(employee.getId(), employee);
    }

    public Collection<Employee> getAll(){
        return employees.values();
    }

    public Employee get(Integer id){
        return employees.get(id);
    }

    public void delete(Integer id){
        employees.remove(id);
    }
}

创建对应的控制器

package com.jin.rest.controller;

import com.jin.rest.bean.Employee;
import com.jin.rest.dao.EmployeeDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.Collection;

@Controller
public class EmployeeController {

    @Autowired
    private EmployeeDao employeeDao;


    @RequestMapping(value = "/employee", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String emmpll(Model model){
        Collection<Employee> employeeList = employeeDao.getAll();
        model.addAttribute("employeeList",employeeList);
        return "employee_list";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/employee" , method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String addEmployee(Employee employee){
        employeeDao.save(employee);
        return "redirect:/employee";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/employee/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getEmployeeById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id, Model model){
        Employee employee = employeeDao.get(id);
        model.addAttribute("employee",employee);
        return "employee_update";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/employee" , method = RequestMethod.PUT)
    public String updateById(Employee employee){
        employeeDao.save(employee);
        return"redirect:/employee";
    }
}

创建html文件
index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>首页</h1>
<a th:href="@{/employee}">查看员工信息</a>
</body>
</html>

employee_list.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Employee info</title>
</head>
<body>
   <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align: center;">
     <tr>
       <th colspan="5">Employee Info</th>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <th>id</th>
       <th>lastname</th>
       <th>email</th>
       <th>gender</th>
       <th>options(<a th:href="@{/toAdd}">add</a>)</th>
     </tr>
     <tr th:each="employee : ${employeeList}">
       <td th:text="${employee.id}"></td>
       <td th:text="${employee.lastName}"></td>
       <td th:text="${employee.email}"></td>
       <td th:text="${employee.gender}"></td>
       <td>
         <a th:href="@{/employee/}+${employee.id}">detele</a>
         <a th:href="@{/employee/}+${employee.id}">update</a>
       </td>
     </tr>
   </table>

<form method="post">
  <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete"
</form>
</body>
</html>

employee_add

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>add</title>
</head>
<body>
<form th:action="@{/employee}" method="post">
    lastName:<input type="text" name="lastName"><br>
    email:<input type="text" name = "email"><br>
    gender:<input type = "radio" name = "gender" value = "1">male
    <input type = "radio" name = "gender" value = "0">female<br>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>

employee_update

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form th:action="@{/employee}" method="post">
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put">
    <input type="hidden" name="id" th:value="${employee.id}">
  lastName:<input type="text" name="lastName" th:value="${employee.lastName}"><br>
  email:<input type="text" name = "email" th:value="${employee.email}"><br>
  gender:<input type = "radio" name = "gender" value = "1" th:field="${employee.gender}">male
  <input type = "radio" name = "gender" value = "0" th:field="${employee.gender}">female<br>
  <input type="submit" value="update"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>