迭代器和 生成器的理解

迭代器：实现了迭代协议的对象就叫迭代器
迭代器协议是两个魔术方法：

__iter__:返回迭代器对象
__next__:从迭代器对象中如何迭代出下一个值

class Countdown:

    def __init__(self,num):
        self.num = num

    def __iter__(self):
        return self

    def __next__(self):
        if self.num > 0:
            self.num -= 1
            return self.num
        raise StopIteration()

cd = Countdown(5)
#可以用for in  循环取迭代器的值
# for i in cd:
#     print(i)

#可以用next()取下一个值
print(next(cd))
print(next(cd))

迭代器实现斐波那契数列：

class Fib:

    def __init__(self,num):
        self.num = num
        self.index = 0
        self.a, self.b = 0, 1

    def __iter__(self):
        return self

    def __next__(self):
        if self.index < self.num:
            self.a, self.b = self.b, self.a + self.b
            self.index += 1
            return self.a
        raise StopIteration()

fib = Fib(20)
for i in fib:
    print(i)

生成器 ：语法升级版的迭代器 yield
迭代器是生成器的基础
生成器通过预激可以变成协程：obj.send(None) 或 next(obj)

def fib(num):
    a,b = 0,1
    for _ in range(num):
        a,b = b, a+b
        yield a

gen = fib(20)
print(type(gen))#生成器对象  <class 'generator'>

#生成器对象可以使用for in 循环打印
for i in gen:
    print(i)