Udp报式协议详解

UDP 只有接收内核缓存区，没有发送内核缓冲区; 用SocketAPI去接收UDP数据报文时，接收缓冲区的大小必须不小于报文的大小，否则接收失败并且报文数据被丢弃;
但是设置缓冲区大小可以超过数据报文的大小 以满足对端动态发送报文大小的需要，以及多对端发送报文不同的需要
每次接收只接受一个报文的数据;无论有多少个对端，同时发送不同的报文过来，一次recvform只收一个报文；recvfrom调用前对端发送的报文是被丢弃的;
recvfrom后 收到的各个报文是有一个内核接收缓存区去存储这个报文；内核接收缓存区满后新来的报文才被丢弃；
在内核接收缓冲区的报文一次被recvform取走一个，后面的报文被下一次的recvform继续取走；哪怕此时对端已经关闭，recvform依然可以从内核接收缓冲区中取剩下的报文只到取完阻塞
与其说是内核接收缓冲区不如说是报文缓冲队列

//接收端
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<chrono>
#include<thread>
#include<memory>
#include<tuple>
#include<initializer_list>
#include"CWsaInit.h"
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
using namespace std;
using namespace std::this_thread;
constexpr int maxpath = 256;
constexpr USHORT ServerPort = 8888;
WsaInit init;
char recvBuf[1000]{};
char logicBuf[2000]{};
char tempBuf[2000]{};
struct packHead
{
	int nDatalen;
	int nID ;
};
struct DataOne:public packHead
{
	char sz[200]{};
};
struct DataTwo:public packHead
{
	int nCmd;
	char sz[300]{};
};

int main()
{
	SOCKET sockSrv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if (sockSrv == INVALID_SOCKET)
		exit(-1);

	SOCKADDR_IN addrSrv;     //定义sockSrv发送和接收数据包的地址
	//addrSrv.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &addrSrv.sin_addr);
	addrSrv.sin_family = AF_INET;
	addrSrv.sin_port = htons(8888);

	SOCKADDR_IN AddrClient;
	int nlen = sizeof(SOCKADDR_IN);
	//绑定套接字, 绑定到端口
	if (bind(sockSrv, (SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, sizeof(SOCKADDR_IN)) == SOCKET_ERROR) 
		exit(-1);
	int buflenth = 0;//未处理的数据长度
	while (true)
	{
		int nRecvlen=recvfrom(sockSrv, recvBuf, 1000, 0, (SOCKADDR*)&AddrClient, &nlen);
		
		if (nRecvlen == SOCKET_ERROR)
		{
			auto err = WSAGetLastError();
			exit(-1);
		}
		// nRecvlen = recvfrom(sockSrv, recvBuf, 1000, 0, (SOCKADDR*)&AddrClient, &nlen);
		if (nRecvlen == 0)
		{
			closesocket(sockSrv);
			break;
		}
		
		memcpy(logicBuf+ buflenth, recvBuf, nRecvlen);
		buflenth += nRecvlen;
		memset(recvBuf, 0, sizeof(recvBuf));

		if (buflenth >= 50)//此处类似TCP流式组包拆包的行为多此一举，报式协议不需要组包拆包的处理
		{
			//处理包
			packHead* phead = reinterpret_cast<packHead*>(logicBuf);
			int nId = phead->nID;
			int packlenth = phead->nDatalen;//单次处理的报文长度
			if (nId == 1)
			{
				DataOne data;
				buflenth -= packlenth;
				memcpy(&data, logicBuf, packlenth);
				memcpy(tempBuf, logicBuf + packlenth, buflenth);
				memset(logicBuf, 0, sizeof(logicBuf));
				memmove(logicBuf, tempBuf, buflenth);
				memset(tempBuf, 0, sizeof(tempBuf));
				cout << "**********************" << endl;
				cout <<"nID:" << data.nID << endl;
				cout <<"Datalen:" <<data.nDatalen << endl;
				cout << "sz:"<<data.sz << endl;
				cout << "**********************" << endl;
				
			}
			else if (nId == 2)
			{
				DataTwo data;
				buflenth -= packlenth;
				memcpy(&data, logicBuf, packlenth);
				memcpy(tempBuf, logicBuf + packlenth, buflenth);
				memset(logicBuf, 0, sizeof(logicBuf));
				memmove(logicBuf, tempBuf, buflenth);
				memset(tempBuf, 0, sizeof(tempBuf));

				cout << "**********************" << endl;
				cout << "nID:" << data.nID << endl;
				cout << "Datalen:" << data.nDatalen << endl;
				cout << "nCmd:" << data.nCmd << endl;
				cout << "sz:" << data.sz << endl;
				cout << "**********************" << endl;
			}
			else
			{
				cout << "noknow type!" << endl;
			}
		}
	}
	
	return 0;
}

//发送端
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<chrono>
#include<thread>
#include<memory>
#include<tuple>
#include<initializer_list>
#include"CWsaInit.h"
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
using namespace std;
using namespace std::this_thread;
constexpr int maxpath = 256;
constexpr USHORT ServerPort = 8888;
WsaInit init;
char recvBuf[1000]{};
char logicBuf[2000]{};
char tempBuf[2000]{};
struct packHead
{
	int nDatalen;
	int nID;
};
struct DataOne :public packHead
{
	char sz[200]{};
};
struct DataTwo :public packHead
{
	int nCmd;
	char sz[300]{};
};
class base
{
	int a;
	short b;
};
class derive:public base
{
	short c;
};

int main()
{
	constexpr int res = alignof(base);
	constexpr int res2 = alignof(derive);

	SOCKET sockClient = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if (sockClient == INVALID_SOCKET)
		exit(-1);

	SOCKADDR_IN addrSrv;     //定义sockSrv发送和接收数据包的地址
	//addrSrv.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &addrSrv.sin_addr);
	addrSrv.sin_family = AF_INET;
	addrSrv.sin_port = htons(8888);
	cout << "发送数据类型" << endl;
	int nID = 0;
	cin >> nID;
	int times = 0;
	while (nID)
	{
		srand(time(nullptr));
		if (nID == 1)
		{
			DataOne data;
			strcpy(data.sz, "123");
			data.nDatalen = sizeof(packHead) + strlen(data.sz)+ rand() % 50;
			data.nID = 1;
			sendto(sockClient, reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&data), data.nDatalen, 0, (SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, sizeof(SOCKADDR_IN));
			Sleep(1000);	
		}
		else if (nID == 2)
		{
			DataTwo data;
			strcpy(data.sz, "abcdefg");
			data.nDatalen = sizeof(packHead) + sizeof(int) + strlen(data.sz)+rand()%100;
			data.nID = 2;
			data.nCmd = ++times;
			sendto(sockClient, reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&data), data.nDatalen, 0, (SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, sizeof(SOCKADDR_IN));
			Sleep(1000);
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "未知数据类型" << endl;
			nID = 0;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}