更强大的滚动控件---RecyclerView

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-08 19:49:35 发布

姚小锅

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-08 19:49:35 发布

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分类专栏： # Android 文章标签： android 移动开发安卓

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43704586/article/details/112554289

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更强大的滚动控件—RecyclerView

RecyclerView的基本用法

ListView的扩展性和性能比较差，需要做一些技巧来提升他的效率，而且他是能实现数据的纵向滚动，并不能横向滚动

RecyclerView是一个增强版的ListView，可以轻松实现ListView同样的效果，还优化了ListView的不足之处

//首先在项目的build.gradle中添加相应的依赖库
//打开app/build.gradle,在dependencies闭包中添加以下内容，添加完之后点击Sync Now进行同步
dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs',includes: ['*.jar'])
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.0.0'
    implementation 'androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.0.0'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
}

//修改activity_main.xml
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
	//由于RecyclerView并不是内置在系统SDK中，所以需要把完整的包路径写出来
   <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
       android:id="@+id/relative_view"
       android:layout_width="match_parent"
       android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</LinearLayout>
           
//将写在ListView项目的Fruit类和fruit_item.xml也复制过来，接下来为RecyclerView准备一个适配器，新建FruitAdapter类，让其继承自RecursiveAction.Adapter， ViewHolder是在FruitAdapter中定义的一个内置类
public class FruitAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter.ViewHolder> {
    //定义一个全局变量
    private List<Fruit> mFruitList;
    //定义一个内部类ViewHolder，ViewHolder要继承RecyclerView.ViewHolder
    static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        ImageView fruitImage;
        TextView fruitName;
        //构造函数中要传入一个View参数，这个参数通常是RecyclerView子项的最外层布局，
        // 那么就可以通过findViewById()方法来获取到不居中的ImageView和TextView的实例了
        public ViewHolder(View view){
            super(view);
            fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
            fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
        }
    }
    //FruitAdapter中也有一个构造函数，这个方法用于把展示的数据源传进来，并赋值给一个全局变量mFruitList，后		续操作都在这个数据源上进行
    public FruitAdapter(List<Fruit> fruitList){
        mFruitList = fruitList;
    }
    //由于RecyclerView继承自RecyclerView.Adapter，那么就必须重写onCreateViewHolder(),onBindViewHolder(),getItemCount()方法
    //onCreateViewHolder()方法用于创建ViewHolder实例，
    //在这个方法内将fruit_item布局加载进来，然后创建一个ViewHolder实例，并将加载出来的布局传入构造函数中，		最后将ViewHolder实例返回
    @Override
    public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder( ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View view= 										LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item,parent,false);
        ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);
        return holder;
    }
    //onBindViewHolder()方法是用于对RecyclerView子项的数据进行赋值的，会在每个子项被滚动到屏幕内的时候执行，
    // 这里通过position参数的到当前项的Friut实例，然后再将数据设置到ViewHolder的ImageView和TextView中
    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) {
        Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
        holder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        holder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
    }

    //getItemCount()方法用于告诉RecyclerView一共有多少子项，直接返回数据源的长度
    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
       return mFruitList.size();
    }
}

           
//修改MainActivity，使用RecyclerView
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
	
    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //初始化所有水果的数据
        initFruits();
        //获取RecyclerView实例
        RecyclerView recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.relative_view);
        //创建一个LinearLayoutManager对象并将他设置到RecyclerView中，LayoutManager用于制定布局方式，LinearLayoutManager是线性布局的意思，可以实现与ListView相似的效果
        LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        //创建FruitAdapter实例，并将水果数据传入FruitAdapter的构造函数中
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(fruitList);
        //最后调用setAdapter()方法完成适配器设置
          recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
    private  void initFruits(){
        for (int i = 0;i<2;i++){
            Fruit apple = new Fruit("Apple",R.drawable.apple);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit banner = new Fruit("Banner",R.drawable.banner);
            fruitList.add(banner);
            Fruit orange = new Fruit("Orange",R.drawable.orange);
            fruitList.add(orange);
            Fruit watermelon = new Fruit("Watermelon",R.drawable.watermelon);
            fruitList.add(watermelon);
            Fruit pear = new Fruit("Pear",R.drawable.pear);
            fruitList.add(pear);
            Fruit grape = new Fruit("Grape",R.drawable.grape);
            fruitList.add(grape);
            Fruit pineapple = new Fruit("Pineapple",R.drawable.pineapple);
            fruitList.add(pineapple);
            Fruit strawberry = new Fruit("Strawberry",R.drawable.strawberry);
            fruitList.add(strawberry);
            Fruit cherry = new Fruit("Cherry",R.drawable.cherry);
            fruitList.add(cherry);
            Fruit mango = new Fruit("Mango",R.drawable.mango);
            fruitList.add(mango);

        }
    }
}

运行结果

在这里插入图片描述

实现横向滚动和瀑布流布局

横向滚动

//修改布局fruit_item.xml，将元素改为垂直排列
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp" />
</LinearLayout>
            
//修改MainActivity，调用LinearLayoutManager的setOrientation()方法来设置布局的排列方向，默认是纵向，传入LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL表示让布局横向排列
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initFruits();
        RecyclerView recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.relative_view);
        LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL);
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(fruitList);
        recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
    private  void initFruits(){
        for (int i = 0;i<2;i++){
            Fruit apple = new Fruit("Apple",R.drawable.apple);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit banner = new Fruit("Banner",R.drawable.banner);
            fruitList.add(banner);
            Fruit orange = new Fruit("Orange",R.drawable.orange);
            fruitList.add(orange);
            Fruit watermelon = new Fruit("Watermelon",R.drawable.watermelon);
            fruitList.add(watermelon);
            Fruit pear = new Fruit("Pear",R.drawable.pear);
            fruitList.add(pear);
            Fruit grape = new Fruit("Grape",R.drawable.grape);
            fruitList.add(grape);
            Fruit pineapple = new Fruit("Pineapple",R.drawable.pineapple);
            fruitList.add(pineapple);
            Fruit strawberry = new Fruit("Strawberry",R.drawable.strawberry);
            fruitList.add(strawberry);
            Fruit cherry = new Fruit("Cherry",R.drawable.cherry);
            fruitList.add(cherry);
            Fruit mango = new Fruit("Mango",R.drawable.mango);
            fruitList.add(mango);

        }
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

瀑布流布局

//修改fruit_item布局，使用layout_margin属性让子项之间互留间距，TextView对其属性改为居左对齐
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_margin="5dp"
    >

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="left"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp" />
</LinearLayout>
            
//修改MainActivity
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initFruits();
        RecyclerView recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.relative_view);
        //创建StaggeredGridLayoutManager实例。StaggeredGridLayoutManager的构造函数接收两个参数，第一个是布局的列数，第二个是布局的排列方向，StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL是让布局纵向排列
        StaggeredGridLayoutManager layoutManager = new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
        //吧创建好的实例设置到RecyclerView中
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(fruitList);
        recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
    private  void initFruits(){
        for (int i = 0;i<2;i++){
            Fruit apple = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Apple"),R.drawable.apple);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit banner = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Banner"),R.drawable.banner);
            fruitList.add(banner);
            Fruit orange = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Orange"),R.drawable.orange);
            fruitList.add(orange);
            Fruit watermelon = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Watermelon"),R.drawable.watermelon);
            fruitList.add(watermelon);
            Fruit pear = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Pear"),R.drawable.pear);
            fruitList.add(pear);
            Fruit grape = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Grape"),R.drawable.grape);
            fruitList.add(grape);
            Fruit pineapple = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Pineapple"),R.drawable.pineapple);
            fruitList.add(pineapple);
            Fruit strawberry = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Strawberry"),R.drawable.strawberry);
            fruitList.add(strawberry);
            Fruit cherry = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Cherry"),R.drawable.cherry);
            fruitList.add(cherry);
            Fruit mango = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Mango"),R.drawable.mango);
            fruitList.add(mango);

        }
    }
//设置名称长短随机
    private String getRandomLengthName(String name) {
        Random random = new Random();
        int length = random.nextInt(20)+1;
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0;i<length;i++){
            builder.append(name);
        }
        return  builder.toString();
    }
}

运行结果

RecyclerView的点击事件

//修改FruitAdapter

//为RecyclerView准备一个适配器，新建FruitAdapter类，让这个适配器继承自RecursiveAction.Adapter
public class FruitAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter.ViewHolder> {
    //定义一个全局变量
    private List<Fruit> mFruitList;
    //定义一个内部类ViewHolder，ViewHolder要继承RecyclerView.ViewHolder
    static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        View fruitView; //添加fruitView变量来保存子项最外层布局的实例，然后在onCreateViewHolder()方法中注册点击事件
        ImageView fruitImage;
        TextView fruitName;
        //构造函数中要传入一个View参数，这个参数通常是RecyclerView子项的最外层布局，
        // 那么就可以通过findViewById()方法来获取到不居中的ImageView和TextView的实例了
        public ViewHolder(View view){
            super(view);
            fruitView = view;
            fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
            fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
        }
    }
    //FruitAdapter中也有一个构造函数，这个方法用于把展示的数据源传进来，并赋值给一个全局变量mFruitList，后续操作都在这个数据源上进行
    public FruitAdapter(List<Fruit> fruitList){
        mFruitList = fruitList;
    }
    //由于RecyclerView继承自RecyclerView.Adapter，那么就必须重写onCreateViewHolder(),onBindViewHolder(),getItemCount()方法
    //onCreateViewHolder()方法用于创建ViewHolder实例，
    //在这个方法内将fruit_item布局加载进来，然后创建一个ViewHolder实例，并将加载出来的布局传入构造函数中，最后将ViewHolder实例返回
    @Override
    public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder( ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View view= LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item,parent,false);
        final  ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);
        //以下两个点击事件中先获取了用户点击的position，然后通过position拿到相应的Fruit实例
        //为最外层布局注册点击事件
        holder.fruitView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
                Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(v.getContext(),"you clicked view" + fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        //为布局内图片注册点击事件
        holder.fruitImage.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
                Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(v.getContext(),"you clicked image" + fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        return holder;
    }
    //onBindViewHolder()方法是用于对RecyclerView子项的数据进行赋值的，会在每个子项被滚动到屏幕内的时候执行，
    // 这里通过position参数的到当前项的Friut实例，然后再将数据设置到ViewHolder的ImageView和TextView中
    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) {
        Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
        holder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        holder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
    }
    //getItemCount()方法用于告诉RecyclerView一共有多少子项，直接返回数据源的长度
    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
       return mFruitList.size();
    }
}

运行结果

在这里插入图片描述

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更强大的滚动控件---RecyclerView

更强大的滚动控件—RecyclerViewRecyclerView的基本用法ListView的扩展性和性能比较差，需要做一些技巧来提升他的效率，而且他是能实现数据的纵向滚动，并不能横向滚动RecyclerView是一个增强版的ListView，可以轻松实现ListView同样的效果，还优化了ListView的不足之处//首先在项目的build.gradle中添加相应的依赖库//打开app/build.gradle,在dependencies闭包中添加以下内容，添加完之后点击Sync Now
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