JavaWeb----HttpServletRequest | HttpServletResponse

HttpServletRequest

HttpServletRequest 代表客户端的请求，用户通过 Http 协议访问服务器，Http请求中的所有信息会被封装到 HttpServletRequest ，通过HttpServletRequest 到方法，获得客户端到所有信息。

getContextPath()：返回客户端所请求访问的Web应用的URL入口。例如，客户端访问的URL为 http://localhost:8080/hello ，那么该方法返回 ”/hello"
getCookies()：返回HTTP请求中的所有 Cookie。
getHeader(String name)：返回 HTTP 请求头部的特定项。
getHeaderNames()：返回一个 Enumeration 对象，它包含了 HTTP 请求头部的所有项目名。
getMethod()：返回 HTTP 请求方式。
getRequestURI()：返回HTTP请求的头部的第一行中的 URI。
getQueryString()：返回HTTP请求中的查询字符串，即URL中的 ? 后面的内容。

获取前端传递到参数
public String getParameter(String name)
public String[] getParameterValues(String name)

请求转发
req.getRequestDispatcher(String path).forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)

重定向和转发到区别？

相同点

页面都会实现转跳

不同点

请求转发，URL不会发生变化 （状态码 307）
重定向，URL会发生变化 （状态码 302）

HttpServletResponse

web 服务器接受到客户端到http请求，针对这个请求，分别创建一个代表请求到的 HttpServletRequest 对象，代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse。

• 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数：HttpServletRequest
• 如果要给客户端响应一些信息：HttpServletResponse

方法简单分类

负责向浏览器发送数据的方法

1. getOutputStream()
2. getWriter()

负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法

1. setCharacterEncoding()
2. setContentLength()
3. setContentType()
4. setDateHeader()
5. addDateHeader()
6. setHeader()
7. addHeader()
8. setIntHeader()
9. addIntHeader()

响应的状态码

    /**
     * Status code (100) indicating the client can continue.
     */
    public static final int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
    /**
     * Status code (101) indicating the server is switching protocols
     * according to Upgrade header.
     */
    public static final int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
    /**
     * Status code (200) indicating the request succeeded normally.
     */
    public static final int SC_OK = 200;
    /**
     * Status code (201) indicating the request succeeded and created
     * a new resource on the server.
     */
    public static final int SC_CREATED = 201;
    /**
     * Status code (202) indicating that a request was accepted for
     * processing, but was not completed.
     */
    public static final int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
    /**
     * Status code (203) indicating that the meta information presented
     * by the client did not originate from the server.
     */
    public static final int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
    /**
     * Status code (204) indicating that the request succeeded but that
     * there was no new information to return.
     */
    public static final int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
    /**
     * Status code (205) indicating that the agent <em>SHOULD</em> reset
     * the document view which caused the request to be sent.
     */
    public static final int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
    /**
     * Status code (206) indicating that the server has fulfilled
     * the partial GET request for the resource.
     */
    public static final int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
    /**
     * Status code (300) indicating that the requested resource
     * corresponds to any one of a set of representations, each with
     * its own specific location.
     */
    public static final int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
    /**
     * Status code (301) indicating that the resource has permanently
     * moved to a new location, and that future references should use a
     * new URI with their requests.
     */
    public static final int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
    /**
     * Status code (302) indicating that the resource has temporarily
     * moved to another location, but that future references should
     * still use the original URI to access the resource.
     *
     * This definition is being retained for backwards compatibility.
     * SC_FOUND is now the preferred definition.
     */
    public static final int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
    /**
    * Status code (302) indicating that the resource reside
    * temporarily under a different URI. Since the redirection might
    * be altered on occasion, the client should continue to use the
    * Request-URI for future requests.(HTTP/1.1) To represent the
    * status code (302), it is recommended to use this variable.
    */
    public static final int SC_FOUND = 302;
    /**
     * Status code (303) indicating that the response to the request
     * can be found under a different URI.
     */
    public static final int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
    /**
     * Status code (304) indicating that a conditional GET operation
     * found that the resource was available and not modified.
     */
    public static final int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
    /**
     * Status code (305) indicating that the requested resource
     * <em>MUST</em> be accessed through the proxy given by the
     * <code><em>Location</em></code> field.
     */
    public static final int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
     /**
     * Status code (307) indicating that the requested resource 
     * resides temporarily under a different URI. The temporary URI
     * <em>SHOULD</em> be given by the <code><em>Location</em></code> 
     * field in the response.
     */
     public static final int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
    /**
     * Status code (400) indicating the request sent by the client was
     * syntactically incorrect.
     */
    public static final int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
    /**
     * Status code (401) indicating that the request requires HTTP
     * authentication.
     */
    public static final int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
    /**
     * Status code (402) reserved for future use.
     */
    public static final int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
    /**
     * Status code (403) indicating the server understood the request
     * but refused to fulfill it.
     */
    public static final int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
    /**
     * Status code (404) indicating that the requested resource is not
     * available.
     */
    public static final int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
    /**
     * Status code (405) indicating that the method specified in the
     * <code><em>Request-Line</em></code> is not allowed for the resource
     * identified by the <code><em>Request-URI</em></code>.
     */
    public static final int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
    /**
     * Status code (406) indicating that the resource identified by the
     * request is only capable of generating response entities which have
     * content characteristics not acceptable according to the accept
     * headers sent in the request.
     */
    public static final int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
    /**
     * Status code (407) indicating that the client <em>MUST</em> first
     * authenticate itself with the proxy.
     */
    public static final int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
    /**
     * Status code (408) indicating that the client did not produce a
     * request within the time that the server was prepared to wait.
     */
    public static final int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
    /**
     * Status code (409) indicating that the request could not be
     * completed due to a conflict with the current state of the
     * resource.
     */
    public static final int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
    /**
     * Status code (410) indicating that the resource is no longer
     * available at the server and no forwarding address is known.
     * This condition <em>SHOULD</em> be considered permanent.
     */
    public static final int SC_GONE = 410;
    /**
     * Status code (411) indicating that the request cannot be handled
     * without a defined <code><em>Content-Length</em></code>.
     */
    public static final int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
    /**
     * Status code (412) indicating that the precondition given in one
     * or more of the request-header fields evaluated to false when it
     * was tested on the server.
     */
    public static final int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
    /**
     * Status code (413) indicating that the server is refusing to process
     * the request because the request entity is larger than the server is
     * willing or able to process.
     */
    public static final int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
    /**
     * Status code (414) indicating that the server is refusing to service
     * the request because the <code><em>Request-URI</em></code> is longer
     * than the server is willing to interpret.
     */
    public static final int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
    /**
     * Status code (415) indicating that the server is refusing to service
     * the request because the entity of the request is in a format not
     * supported by the requested resource for the requested method.
     */
    public static final int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
    /**
     * Status code (416) indicating that the server cannot serve the
     * requested byte range.
     */
    public static final int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
    /**
     * Status code (417) indicating that the server could not meet the
     * expectation given in the Expect request header.
    */
    public static final int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
    /**
     * Status code (500) indicating an error inside the HTTP server
     * which prevented it from fulfilling the request.
     */
    public static final int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
    /**
     * Status code (501) indicating the HTTP server does not support
     * the functionality needed to fulfill the request.
     */
    public static final int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
    /**
     * Status code (502) indicating that the HTTP server received an
     * invalid response from a server it consulted when acting as a
     * proxy or gateway.
     */
    public static final int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
    /**
     * Status code (503) indicating that the HTTP server is
     * temporarily overloaded, and unable to handle the request.
     */
    public static final int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
    /**
     * Status code (504) indicating that the server did not receive
     * a timely response from the upstream server while acting as
     * a gateway or proxy.
     */
    public static final int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
    /**
     * Status code (505) indicating that the server does not support
     * or refuses to support the HTTP protocol version that was used
     * in the request message.
     */
    public static final int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

常见应用

向浏览器输出信息

下载文件

1. 获取下载文件的路径
2. 获取下载的文件名
3. 设置浏览器能够支持下载
4. 获取下载文件的输入流
5. 创建缓冲区
6. 获取OutputStream对象
7. 将FileOutputSteam流写入到buffer缓冲区
8. 使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端

验证码功能

重定向功能

常见场景：

• 用户登陆

public void sendRedirect(String location) throws IOException;

     // resp.setHeader("Location", "/index.jsp");
     // 302
     // resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FOUND);
		resp.sendRedirect("/index.jsp");