prometheus+grafana监控集群

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-25 10:45:21 发布

二郎银

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-25 10:45:21 发布

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分类专栏：云计算文章标签： elasticsearch 运维云计算

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43705953/article/details/120969466

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1 prometheus是什么

prometheus是由谷歌研发的一款开源的监控软件，目前已经被云计算本地基金会托管，是继k8s托管的第二个项目。zabbix功能强大，但是对容器监控显得力不从心。为解决监控容器的问题，引入了prometheus技术。prometheus号称是下一代监控。

2 prometheus特点

易于搭建，可以轻易获取服务内部状态
高效灵活的查询语句
支持本地和远程存储
采用http协议，默认pull模式拉取数据，也可以通过中间网关push数据
支持自动发现
可扩展

3 prometheus的运行流程

在这里插入图片描述

prometheus根据配置定时去拉取各个节点的数据，默认使用的拉取方式是pull，也可以使用pushgateway提供的push方式获取各个监控节点的数据。将获取到的数据存入TSDB，一款时序型数据库。此时prometheus已经获取到了监控数据，可以使用内置的PromQL进行查询。它的报警功能使用Alertmanager提供，Alertmanager是prometheus的告警管理和发送报警的一个组件。prometheus原生的图标功能过于简单，可将prometheus数据接入grafana，由grafana进行统一管理。

4 grafana是什么

grafana是用于可视化大型测量数据的开源程序，他提供了强大和优雅的方式去创建、共享、浏览数据。其实就是一个可视化面板（Dashboard），有着非常漂亮的图表和布局展示，功能齐全的度量仪表盘和图形编辑器，经常被用作基础设施的时间序列数据和应用程序分析的可视化，它在其他领域也被广泛的使用包括工业传感器、家庭自动化、天气和过程控制等。

5 部署集群监控

5.1 监控的守护进程

# 新建监控工作目录
mkdir prometheosgrafana 
cd  prometheosgrafana 
## node-exporter.yaml
cat  > node-exporter.yaml << EOF
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: node-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: node-exporter
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: prom/node-exporter
        name: node-exporter
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9100
          protocol: TCP
          name: http
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 9100
    nodePort: 31672
    protocol: TCP
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
EOF

5.2 分配访问权限

cat > rbac-setup.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources:
  - nodes
  - nodes/proxy
  - services
  - endpoints
  - pods
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups:
  - extensions
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]
  verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: prometheus
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
EOF

5.3 配置文件

cat > configmap.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval:     15s
      evaluation_interval: 15s
    scrape_configs:

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
        action: keep
        regex: default;kubernetes;https

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-services'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: service
      metrics_path: /probe
      params:
        module: [http_2xx]
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-ingresses'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: ingress
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_scheme,__address__,__meta_kubernetes_ingress_path]
        regex: (.+);(.+);(.+)
        replacement: ${1}://${2}${3}
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_ingress_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: pod
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
        target_label: __address__
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_pod_name
EOF

5.4 prometheus的deployment

cat > prometheus.deploy.yml  <<  EOF 
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    name: prometheus-deployment
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: prom/prometheus:v2.0.0
        name: prometheus
        command:
        - "/bin/prometheus"
        args:
        - "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
        - "--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus"
        - "--storage.tsdb.retention=24h"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: "/prometheus"
          name: data
        - mountPath: "/etc/prometheus"
          name: config-volume
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
          limits:
            cpu: 500m
            memory: 2500Mi
      serviceAccountName: prometheus    
      volumes:
      - name: data
        emptyDir: {}
      - name: config-volume
        configMap:
          name: prometheus-config   
EOF

5.5 prometheus的service暴露端口

cat >   prometheus.svc.yml << EOF
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: prometheus
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 9090
    targetPort: 9090
    nodePort: 30003
  selector:
    app: prometheus
EOF

5.4 部署grafana的deployment

cat > grafana-deploy.yaml  <<  EOF
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: grafana-core
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: grafana
    component: core
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: grafana
      component: core
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: grafana
        component: core
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: grafana/grafana:4.2.0
        name: grafana-core
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        # env:
        resources:
          # keep request = limit to keep this container in guaranteed class
          limits:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
        env:
          # The following env variables set up basic auth twith the default admin user and admin password.
          - name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
            value: "true"
          - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
            value: "false"
          # - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
          #   value: Admin
          # does not really work, because of template variables in exported dashboards:
          # - name: GF_DASHBOARDS_JSON_ENABLED
          #   value: "true"
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /login
            port: 3000
          # initialDelaySeconds: 30
          # timeoutSeconds: 1
        volumeMounts:
        - name: grafana-persistent-storage
          mountPath: /var
      volumes:
      - name: grafana-persistent-storage
        emptyDir: {}
EOF

5.5 部署grafana的service

cat > grafana-svc.yaml <<  EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: grafana
    component: core
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 3000
  selector:
    app: grafana
    component: core
EOF

部署全部资源

kubectl apply -f  node-exporter.yaml
kubectl apply -f  rbac-setup.yaml
kubectl apply -f  configmap.yaml
kubectl apply -f  prometheus.deploy.yml
kubectl apply -f  prometheus.svc.yml
kubectl apply -f  grafana-deploy.yaml
kubectl apply -f  grafana-svc.yaml

查看部署情况

# pods
[root@VM-4-6-centos promethesgrafana]# kubectl get po -n kube-system
NAME                                      READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
helm-install-traefik-nm72m                0/1     Completed   0          108m
local-path-provisioner-5ff76fc89d-4ftx8   1/1     Running     1          108m
metrics-server-86cbb8457f-f24nn           1/1     Running     1          108m
svclb-traefik-9g2vz                       2/2     Running     2          108m
coredns-854c77959c-24wgk                  1/1     Running     1          108m
traefik-6f9cbd9bd4-w5666                  1/1     Running     1          108m
node-exporter-q24s8                       1/1     Running     0          52m
prometheus-68546b8d9-pvqq9                1/1     Running     0          51m
grafana-core-6d6fb7566-bjmn9              1/1     Running     0          51m

# service
[root@VM-4-6-centos promethesgrafana]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system
NAME                 TYPE           CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
kube-dns             ClusterIP      10.43.0.10      <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP       109m
metrics-server       ClusterIP      10.43.107.167   <none>        443/TCP                      109m
traefik-prometheus   ClusterIP      10.43.113.216   <none>        9100/TCP                     108m
traefik              LoadBalancer   10.43.67.3      10.0.4.6      80:31424/TCP,443:30629/TCP   108m
node-exporter        NodePort       10.43.195.117   <none>        9100:31672/TCP               52m
prometheus           NodePort       10.43.220.207   <none>        9090:30003/TCP               52m
grafana              NodePort       10.43.158.199   <none>        3000:31067/TCP               51m

6 grafana查看

6.1 登录

打开浏览器，打开集群节点 : 31067
账户和密码都是admin登录

6.2 添加数据源

在这里插入图片描述

url 填 prometheus的CLUSTER-IP ，端口9090，添加数据源后点击测试，成功即可

6.2 导入数据源，选择面板

在这里插入图片描述

Grafana.net Dashboard中填315或其他模板，选择数据源确定即可

在这里插入图片描述

二郎银

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prometheus+grafana监控集群

1 prometheus是什么prometheus是由谷歌研发的一款开源的监控软件，目前已经被云计算本地基金会托管，是继k8s托管的第二个项目。zabbix功能强大，但是对容器监控显得力不从心。为解决监控容器的问题，引入了prometheus技术。prometheus号称是下一代监控。2 prometheus特点易于搭建，可以轻易获取服务内部状态高效灵活的查询语句支持本地和远程存储采用http协议，默认pull模式拉取数据，也可以通过中间网关push数据支持自动发现可扩展3 prome
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