SpringCloud -- Feign

1、Feign远程调用简介：
Feign远程调用，shiSpringCloud中的一个总要组件，继承了负载均衡、和熔断器的使用。
依赖包引入;

<!--Feign:集成了断路器和负载均衡，断路器默认是关闭的，需要配置打开，不会自动打开-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2、配置文件【application.yaml】：

server:
  port: 8080

spring:
  application:
    name: consumer-service

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8888/eureka
    #服务获取时间间隔
    registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 30
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true
    ip-address: 127.0.0.1

#使用服务id指定哪个服务使用哪种负载均衡方式 -- 配置默认使用随机数
user-services:
  ribbon:
    NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule

#断路器属性配置:配置信息key值首字母要小写
hystrix:
  command:
    default:
      execution:
        isolation:
          thread:
            timeoutInMilliseconds: 3000

#Feign中的ribbon负载均衡的超时时长设置
ribbon:
  ConnectionTimeOut: 500
  ReadTimeOut: 2000

#开启Feign的熔断功能
feign:
  hystrix:
    enable: true

3、控制器【ControllerDem01.java】：
package SpringCloudApplication.Controller;

import SpringCloudApplication.Feign.FeignRibbonAndHystrix;
import SpringCloudApplication.Pojo.UserModel;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.DefaultProperties;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.SynchronizedSymbolTable;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonLoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController //相当于@Controller和@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/query")
public class ControllerDem01 {
/**
* Feign(远程调用)的使用
*/
@Autowired
private FeignRibbonAndHystrix feignRibbonAndHystrix;

@GetMapping("{id}")
public UserModel getUserInfoById(@PathVariable int id){
    UserModel user = feignRibbonAndHystrix.selectUserInfoById(id);
    return user;
}

}

4、Feign的使用：
Feign远程实现是基于石桥铺ringMVC注解，通过创建接口文件+MVC注解实现的，集成的熔断器在开启后，是通过实现接口类，具体实现如下。

FeignRibbonAndHystrix 接口：

package SpringCloudApplication.Feign;

import SpringCloudApplication.Feign.Impl.FeignRibbonAndHystrixImpl;
import SpringCloudApplication.Pojo.UserModel;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

/**
 * Feign集成了负载均衡和断路器，断路器默认是关闭状态，只有配置手动打开才能使用
 * Feign使用SpringMVC相关注解完成开发
 */
@FeignClient(value = "user-services",fallback = FeignRibbonAndHystrixImpl.class)
public interface FeignRibbonAndHystrix {

    @GetMapping("/user/{id}")
    UserModel selectUserInfoById(@PathVariable int id);
}

FeignRibbonAndHystrixImpl 实现类：

package SpringCloudApplication.Feign.Impl;

import SpringCloudApplication.Feign.FeignRibbonAndHystrix;
import SpringCloudApplication.Pojo.UserModel;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class FeignRibbonAndHystrixImpl implements FeignRibbonAndHystrix {
    @Override
    public UserModel selectUserInfoById(int id) {
        UserModel user = new UserModel();
        user.setUsername("服务器正忙，稍后重试！！！");
        return user;
    }
}

5、入口文件：
使用注解 @EnableFeignClients 开启Feign远程调用。

package SpringCloudApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.SpringCloudApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/*@EnableDiscoveryClient *//**服务注册客户端**//*
@SpringBootApplication *//**SpringBoot服务启动配置的注解**//*
@EnableCircuitBreaker  *//**断路器(熔断器)的开关**/
@EnableFeignClients
@SpringCloudApplication
public class SpringCloudApplicationDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudApplicationDemo01.class);
    }

}