9_16_const date& date-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43721225/article/details/109548027

C++源码：

//9_16.cpp
#include "account.h"
#include "Array.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	Date date(2008, 11, 1);	//起始日期
	Array<Account *> accounts(0);	//创建账户数组，元素个数为0
	cout << "(a)add account (d)deposit (w)withdraw (s)show (c)change day (n)next month (e)exit" << endl;
	char cmd;
	do {
		//显示日期和总金额
		date.show();
		cout << "\tTotal: " << Account::getTotal() << "\tcommand> ";

		char type;
		int index, day;
		double amount, credit, rate, fee;
		string id, desc;
		Account* account;

		cin >> cmd;
		switch (cmd) {
		case 'a':	//增加账户
			cin >> type >> id;
			if (type == 's') {
				cin >> rate;
				account = new SavingsAccount(date, id, rate);
			} else {
				cin >> credit >> rate >> fee;
				account = new CreditAccount(date, id, credit, rate, fee);
			}
			accounts.resize(accounts.getSize() + 1);
			accounts[accounts.getSize() - 1] = account;
			break;
		case 'd':	//存入现金
			cin >> index >> amount;
			getline(cin, desc);
			accounts[index]->deposit(date, amount, desc);
			break;
		case 'w':	//取出现金
			cin >> index >> amount;
			getline(cin, desc);
			accounts[index]->withdraw(date, amount, desc);
			break;
		case 's':	//查询各账户信息
			for (int i = 0; i < accounts.getSize(); i++) {
				cout << "[" << i << "] ";
				accounts[i]->show();
				cout << endl;
			}
			break;
		case 'c':	//改变日期
			cin >> day;
			if (day < date.getDay())
				cout << "You cannot specify a previous day";
			else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
				cout << "Invalid day";
			else
				date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
			break;
		case 'n':	//进入下个月
			if (date.getMonth() == 12)
				date = Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
			else
				date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
			for (int i = 0; i < accounts.getSize(); i++)
				accounts[i]->settle(date);
			break;
		}
	} while (cmd != 'e');

	for (int i = 0; i < accounts.getSize(); i++)
		delete accounts[i];

	return 0;
}

//account.h
#ifndef __ACCOUNT_H__
#define __ACCOUNT_H__
#include "date.h"
#include "accumulator.h"
#include <string>

class Account { //账户类
private:
	std::string id;	//帐号
	double balance;	//余额
	static double total; //所有账户的总金额
protected:
	//供派生类调用的构造函数，id为账户
	Account(const Date &date, const std::string &id);
	//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
	void record(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
	//报告错误信息
	void error(const std::string &msg) const;
public:
	const std::string &getId() const { return id; }
	double getBalance() const { return balance; }
	static double getTotal() { return total; }
	//存入现金，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为款项说明
	virtual void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc) = 0;
	//取出现金，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为款项说明
	virtual void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc) = 0;
	//结算（计算利息、年费等），每月结算一次，date为结算日期
	virtual void settle(const Date &date) = 0;
	//显示账户信息
	virtual void show() const;
};

class SavingsAccount : public Account { //储蓄账户类
private:
	Accumulator acc;	//辅助计算利息的累加器
	double rate;		//存款的年利率
public:
	//构造函数
	SavingsAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double rate);
	double getRate() const { return rate; }
	virtual void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
	virtual void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
	virtual void settle(const Date &date);
};

class CreditAccount : public Account { //信用账户类
private:
	Accumulator acc;	//辅助计算利息的累加器
	double credit;		//信用额度
	double rate;		//欠款的日利率
	double fee;			//信用卡年费

	double getDebt() const {	//获得欠款额
		double balance = getBalance();
		return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
	}
public:
	//构造函数
	CreditAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double credit, double rate, double fee);
	double getCredit() const { return credit; }
	double getRate() const { return rate; }
	double getFee() const { return fee; }
	double getAvailableCredit() const {	//获得可用信用
		if (getBalance() < 0) 
			return credit + getBalance();
		else
			return credit;
	}
	virtual void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
	virtual void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
	virtual void settle(const Date &date);
	virtual void show() const;
};

#endif //__ACCOUNT_H__

//account.cpp
#include "account.h"
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

double Account::total = 0;

//Account类的实现
Account::Account(const Date &date, const string &id)
	: id(id), balance(0) {
	date.show();
	cout << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;
}

void Account::record(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
	amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;	//保留小数点后两位
	balance += amount;
	total += amount;
	date.show();
	cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
}

void Account::show() const {
	cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
}

void Account::error(const string &msg) const {
	cout << "Error(#" << id << "): " << msg << endl;
}

//SavingsAccount类相关成员函数的实现
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date &date, const string &id, double rate)
	: Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) { }

void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
	record(date, amount, desc);
	acc.change(date, getBalance());
}

void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
	if (amount > getBalance()) {
		error("not enough money");
	} else {
		record(date, -amount, desc);
		acc.change(date, getBalance());
	}
}

void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date &date) {
	if (date.getMonth() == 1) {	//每年的一月计算一次利息
		double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate
			/ (date - Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
		if (interest != 0)
			record(date, interest, "interest");
		acc.reset(date, getBalance());
	}
}

//CreditAccount类相关成员函数的实现
CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee)
	: Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) { }

void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
	record(date, amount, desc);
	acc.change(date, getDebt());
}

void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
	if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
		error("not enough credit");
	} else {
		record(date, -amount, desc);
		acc.change(date, getDebt());
	}
}

void CreditAccount::settle(const Date &date) {
	double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
	if (interest != 0)
		record(date, interest, "interest");
	if (date.getMonth() == 1)
		record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
	acc.reset(date, getDebt());
}

void CreditAccount::show() const {
	Account::show();
	cout << "\tAvailable credit:" << getAvailableCredit();
}

//accumulator.h
#ifndef __ACCUMULATOR_H__
#define __ACCUMULATOR_H__
#include "date.h"

class Accumulator {	//将某个数值按日累加
private:
	Date lastDate;	//上次变更数值的时期
	double value;	//数值的当前值
	double sum;		//数值按日累加之和
public:
	//构造函数，date为开始累加的日期，value为初始值
	Accumulator(const Date &date, double value)
		: lastDate(date), value(value), sum(0) { }

	//获得到日期date的累加结果
	double getSum(const Date &date) const {
		return sum + value * (date - lastDate);
	}

	//在date将数值变更为value
	void change(const Date &date, double value) {
		sum = getSum(date);
		lastDate = date;
		this->value = value;
	}

	//初始化，将日期变为date，数值变为value，累加器清零
	void reset(const Date &date, double value) {
		lastDate = date;
		this->value = value;
		sum = 0;
	}
};

#endif //__ACCUMULATOR_H__

//Array.h
#ifndef ARRAY_H
#define ARRAY_H

#include <cassert>

//数组类模板定义
template <class T> 
class Array {
private:
	T* list;	//T类型指针，用于存放动态分配的数组内存首地址
	int size;	//数组大小（元素个数）
public:
	Array(int sz = 50);			//构造函数
	Array(const Array<T> &a);	//拷贝构造函数
	~Array();	//析构函数
	Array<T> & operator = (const Array<T> &rhs); //重载"="使数组对象可以整体赋值
	T & operator [] (int i);	//重载"[]"，使Array对象可以起到C++普通数组的作用
	const T & operator [] (int i) const;	//"[]"运算符的const版本
	operator T * ();	//重载到T*类型的转换，使Array对象可以起到C++普通数组的作用
	operator const T * () const;	//到T*类型转换操作符的const版本
	int getSize() const;	//取数组的大小
	void resize(int sz);	//修改数组的大小
};

//构造函数
template <class T>
Array<T>::Array(int sz) {
	assert(sz >= 0);	//sz为数组大小（元素个数），应当非负
	size = sz;	// 将元素个数赋值给变量size
	list = new T [size];	//动态分配size个T类型的元素空间
}

//析构函数
template <class T>
Array<T>::~Array() {
	delete [] list;
}

//拷贝构造函数
template <class T>
Array<T>::Array(const Array<T> &a) {
	//从对象x取得数组大小，并赋值给当前对象的成员
	size = a.size;
	//为对象申请内存并进行出错检查
	list = new T[size];	// 动态分配n个T类型的元素空间
	//从对象X复制数组元素到本对象  
	for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
		list[i] = a.list[i];
}

//重载"="运算符，将对象rhs赋值给本对象。实现对象之间的整体赋值
template <class T>
Array<T> &Array<T>::operator = (const Array<T>& rhs) {
	if (&rhs != this) {
		//如果本对象中数组大小与rhs不同，则删除数组原有内存，然后重新分配
		if (size != rhs.size) {
			delete [] list;		//删除数组原有内存
			size = rhs.size;	//设置本对象的数组大小
			list = new T[size];	//重新分配n个元素的内存
		}
		//从对象X复制数组元素到本对象  
		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
			list[i] = rhs.list[i];
	}
	return *this;	//返回当前对象的引用
}

//重载下标运算符，实现与普通数组一样通过下标访问元素，并且具有越界检查功能
template <class T>
T &Array<T>::operator[] (int n) {
	assert(n >= 0 && n < size);	//检查下标是否越界
	return list[n];			//返回下标为n的数组元素
}

template <class T>
const T &Array<T>::operator[] (int n) const {
	assert(n >= 0 && n < size);	//检查下标是否越界
	return list[n];			//返回下标为n的数组元素
}

//重载指针转换运算符，将Array类的对象名转换为T类型的指针，
//指向当前对象中的私有数组。
//因而可以象使用普通数组首地址一样使用Array类的对象名
template <class T>
Array<T>::operator T * () {
	return list;	//返回当前对象中私有数组的首地址
}

template <class T>
Array<T>::operator const T * () const {
	return list;	//返回当前对象中私有数组的首地址
}

//取当前数组的大小
template <class T>
int Array<T>::getSize() const {
	return size;
}

// 将数组大小修改为sz
template <class T>
void Array<T>::resize(int sz) {
	assert(sz >= 0);	//检查sz是否非负
	if (sz == size)	//如果指定的大小与原有大小一样，什么也不做
		return;
	T* newList = new T [sz];	//申请新的数组内存
	int n = (sz < size) ? sz : size;	//将sz与size中较小的一个赋值给n
	//将原有数组中前n个元素复制到新数组中
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		newList[i] = list[i];
	delete[] list;		//删除原数组
	list = newList;	// 使list指向新数组
	size = sz;	//更新size
}
#endif  //ARRAY_H

//date.h
#ifndef __DATE_H__
#define __DATE_H__

class Date {	//日期类
private:
	int year;		//年
	int month;		//月
	int day;		//日
	int totalDays;	//该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天

public:
	Date(int year, int month, int day);	//用年、月、日构造日期
	int getYear() const { return year; }
	int getMonth() const { return month; }
	int getDay() const { return day; }
	int getMaxDay() const;		//获得当月有多少天
	bool isLeapYear() const {	//判断当年是否为闰年
		return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
	}
	void show() const;			//输出当前日期
	//计算两个日期之间差多少天	
	int operator - (const Date& date) const {
		return totalDays - date.totalDays;
	}
};

#endif //__DATE_H__

//date.cpp
#include "date.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

namespace {	//namespace使下面的定义只在当前文件中有效
	//存储平年中某个月1日之前有多少天，为便于getMaxDay函数的实现，该数组多出一项
	const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
}

Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {
	if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
		cout << "Invalid date: ";
		show();
		cout << endl;
		exit(1);
	}
	int years = year - 1;
	totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400
		+ DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
	if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
}

int Date::getMaxDay() const {
	if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
		return 29;
	else
		return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month]- DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
}

void Date::show() const {
	cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
}

Java转码：

import java.util.Scanner;
public class Run {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Date date=new Date(2008, 11, 1);	//起始日期
		//建立几个账户
		Array<Account> accounts=new Array<Account>(0);
		System.out.print("\"(a)add account (d)deposit (w)withdraw (s)show (c)change day (n)next month (e)exit\"");
		String cmd;
		Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);
		do {
			//显示日期和总金额
			date.show();
			System.out.print("\tTotal: "+Account.getTotal()+"\tcommand> ");

			char type;
			int index, day;
			double amount,credit,rate,fee;
			String id,desc;
			Account account;
			cmd=input.next();
			switch (cmd) {
			case "a":
				type=input.next().charAt(0);
				id=input.next();
				if(type=='s'){
					rate=input.nextDouble();
					account=new SavingsAccount(date,id,rate);
				}else{
					credit=input.nextDouble();
					rate=input.nextDouble();
					fee=input.nextDouble();
					account=new CreditAccount(date,id,credit,rate,fee);
				}
				//accounts.getSize();
				accounts.resize(accounts.getSize()+1);
				accounts.change(account,accounts.getSize()-1);
				
				break;
			case "d":	//存入现金
				index=input.nextInt();
				amount=input.nextDouble();
				desc=input.next();
				accounts.bracket(index).deposit(date, amount, desc);
				break;
			case "w":	//取出现金
				index=input.nextInt();
				amount=input.nextDouble();
				desc=input.next();
				accounts.bracket(index).withdraw(date, amount, desc);
				break;
			case "s":	//查询各账户信息
				for (int i = 0; i < accounts.getSize(); i++) {
					System.out.print("[" + i + "] ");
					accounts.bracket(i).show();
					System.out.println();
				}
				break;
			case "c":	//改变日期
				day=input.nextInt();
				if (day < date.getDay())
					System.out.print("You cannot specify a previous day");
				else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
					System.out.print("Invalid day");
				else
					date = new Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
				break;
			case "n":	//进入下个月
				if (date.getMonth() == 12)
					date = new Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
				else
					date = new Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
				for (int i = 0; i < accounts.getSize(); i++)
					accounts.bracket(i).settle(date);
				break;
			}
		} while (cmd != "e");
		input.close();
	}
}


abstract public class Account {
	private String id;
	private double balance;
	private static double total;
	
	protected Account(Date date,String id) {
		this.id=id;
		this.balance=0;
		date.show();
		System.out.println("\t#"+id+" created");
	}
	
	protected void record(Date date,double amount,String desc) {
		amount =Math.floor(amount*100+0.5)/100;
		balance+=amount;
		total+=amount;
		date.show();
		System.out.println("\t#"+id+"\t"+amount+"\t"+balance+"\t"+desc);
	}
	
	protected void error(String msg) {
		System.out.println("Error(#"+id+"): "+msg);
	}
	
	public String getId() {
		return this.id;
	}
	
	public double getBalance() {
		return this.balance;
	}
	
	public static double getTotal() {
		return total;
	}
	
	public void show() {
		System.out.print(id+"\tBalance: "+balance);
	}
	
	abstract public void deposit(Date date,double amount,String desc);
	
	abstract public void withdraw(Date date,double amount,String desc);
	
	abstract public void settle(Date date);
}


public class SavingsAccount extends Account{
	private Accumulator acc;
	private double rate;
	
	public SavingsAccount(Date date,String id,double rate) {
		super(date,id);
		this.rate=rate;
		acc=new Accumulator(date,0);
	}
	
	public double getRate() {
		return rate;
	}
	
	public void deposit(Date date,double amount,String desc) {
		record(date,amount,desc);
		acc.change(date,getBalance());
	}
	
	public void withdraw(Date date,double amount,String desc) {
		if(amount>getBalance()) {
			error("not enough money");
		}else {
			record(date,-amount,desc);
			acc.change(date,getBalance());
		}
	}
	
	public void settle(Date date) {
		if(date.getMonth()==1) {
			double interest=acc.getSum(date)*rate/date.distance(new Date(date.getYear()-1,1,1));
			if(interest!=0) {
				record(date,interest,"interest");
			}
			acc.reset(date,getBalance());
		}
	}
}


public class CreditAccount extends Account {
	private Accumulator acc;
	private double credit;
	private double rate;
	private double fee;
	
	private double getDebt() {
		double balance=getBalance();
		return (balance<0? balance:0);
	}
	
	public CreditAccount(Date date,String id,double credit,double rate,double fee) {
		super(date,id);
		this.rate=rate;
		acc=new Accumulator(date,0);
		this.credit=credit;
		this.fee=fee;
	}
	
	public double getCredit() {
		return credit;
	}
	
	public double getRate() {
		return rate;
	}
	
	public double getFee() {
		return fee;
	}
	
	public double getAvailableCredit() {
		if(getBalance()<0) {
			return credit+getBalance();
		}else {
			return credit;
		}
	}
	
	public void deposit(Date date,double amount,String desc) {
		record(date,amount,desc);
		acc.change(date, getDebt());
	}
	
	public void withdraw(Date date,double amount,String desc) {
		if(amount-getBalance()>credit) {
			error("not enough credit");
		}else {
			record(date,-amount,desc);
			acc.change(date, getDebt());
		}
	}
	
	public void settle(Date date) {
		double interest=acc.getSum(date)*rate;
		if(interest!=0) {
			record(date,interest,"interest");
		}
		if(date.getMonth()==1) {
			record(date,-fee,"annual fee");
		}
		acc.reset(date, getDebt());
	}
	
	public void show() {
		super.show();
		System.out.println("\tAvailable credit:"+getAvailableCredit());
	}
}


public class Accumulator {
	private Date lastDate;
	private double value;
	private double sum;
	
	public Accumulator(Date date,double value) {
		this.lastDate=date;
		this.value=value;
		this.sum=0;
	}
	
	public double getSum(Date date) {
		return sum+value*date.distance(lastDate);
	}
	
	public void change(Date date,double value) {
		sum=getSum(date);
		lastDate=date;
		this.value=value;
	}
	
	public void reset(Date date,double value) {
		lastDate=date;
		this.value=value;
		sum=0;
	}
}


public class Array<T> {
	private T[] list;
	private int size=50;
	
	public Array(int sz) {
		if(sz<0) {
			System.exit(1);
		}
		size=sz;
		list=(T[])new Object [size];
	}
	
	public Array(Array<T> a) {
		this.size=a.getSize();
		this.list=(T[])new Object[a.getSize()];
		for(int i=0;i<a.getSize();i++) {
			list[i]=a.getList(i);
		}
	}
	
	public int getSize() {
		return this.size;
	}
	
	public T getList(int i) {
		return this.list[i];
	}
	
	public Array<T> equal(Array<T> rhs){
		if(rhs!=this) {
			if(size != rhs.getSize()) {
				this.size=rhs.getSize();
				this.list=(T[])new Object[this.size];
			}
			for(int i=0;i<this.size;i++) {
				this.list[i]=rhs.getList(i);
			}
		}
		return this;
	}
	public void change(T a,int i){
		list[i]=a;
	}
	
	public T bracket(int n){
		if(n<0||n>=this.size) {
			System.exit(1);
		}
		return this.getList(n);
	}
	
	public void resize(int sz) {
		if(sz<0) {
			System.exit(1);
		}
		if(sz==this.size) {
			return;
		}else {
			T[] newList=(T[])new Object[sz];
			int n=(sz<this.size)? sz:this.size;
			for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
				newList[i]=this.getList(i);
			}
			this.list=newList;
			this.size=sz;
		}
	}
}


public class Date {
	private int year;
	private int month;
	private int day;
	private int totalDays;
	final public int  DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
	
	public Date(int year,int month,int day) {
		this.day=day;
		this.year=year;
		this.month=month;
		if(day<=0||day>getMaxDay()) {
			System.out.println("Invalid date: ");
			show();
			System.out.println();
			System.exit(1);
		}
		int years = year - 1;
		totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400
			+ DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
		if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
	}
	
	public int getYear() {
		return year;
	}
	
	public int getMonth() {
		return month;
	}
	
	public int getDay() {
		return day;
	}
	
	public int getMaxDay() {
		if(isLeapYear()&&month==2) {
			return 29;
		}else {
			if(month>0) {
				return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month]-DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month-1];
			}else {
				return 0;
			}
		}
	}
	
	public boolean isLeapYear() {
		return ((year%4==0)&&(year%100!=0||year%400==0));
	}
	
	public void show() {
		System.out.print(getYear()+"-"+getMonth()+"-"+getDay());
	}
	
	public int distance(Date date) {
		return totalDays-date.totalDays;
	}
}

笔记：C++源码的改进，用到了类模板定义了Array类，通过Array类可以定义不同数据类型的数组（代码中只定义了Account类型的）；同时在Array类中还进行了很多运算符的重载；还有一些细节，比如原来账户对象都是创建好的，而这次要在操作界面先创建账户再进行账户的操作，更符合实际。在转码过程中，用到了Java中的泛型（具体查资料），在代码的写法上和C++的类模板有一些类似，一些具体操作细节不同，比如在转码过程中我想定义一个长度为size的泛型的数组要“list=(T[])new Object [size]；”，这样定义；Java中没有运算符重载，而运算符的重载实质也是类的方法，所以搞清楚C++源码中的运算符重载后所实现的功能，写一个具有相同功能的方法即可。