学习目录
1、json概念
概念:JavaScript Object Notation JavaScript对象表示法
json现在多用于存储和交换文本信息的语法,进行数据的传输,JSON 比 XML 更小、更快,更易解析。
2、json语法
1、定义
基本规则:
1、数据在名称键值对中:json数据是由键值对构成的
键用引号(单双都行)引起来,也可以不使用引号,在使用时,统一使用一种就可以。
值的取值类型:
1. 数字(整数或浮点数)
2. 字符串(在双引号中)
3. 逻辑值(true 或 false)
4. 数组(在方括号中) {"persons":[{},{}]}
5. 对象(在花括号中) {"address":{"province":"陕西"....}}
6. null
2 、数据由逗号分隔:多个键值对由逗号分隔
3、括号保存对象:使用{}定义json 格式
4、方括号保存数组:[ ]
代码演示:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
<script>
var person = {"name":"ycy",age:22,'sex':"男",array:[1,2,3,4]};
alert(person);
var perons = {
"person":[
{name:"ycy",age:22,sex:"男"},
{name:"kk",age:22,sex:"女"},
{name:"jj",age:21,sex:"男"}
]
};
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
2、值的获取
1、json对象.键名
2、json对象["键名"]
3、数组对象[索引值]
代码演示:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
<script>
//定义规则
var person = {"name":"ycy",age:22,'sex':"男",array:[1,2,3,4]};
var perons = {
"person":[
{name:"ycy",age:22,sex:"男"},
{name:"kk",age:22,sex:"女"},
{name:"jj",age:21,sex:"男"}
]
};
//值的获取
alert(person.age);
alert(person["array"][0]);
alert(person["sex"]);
alert(perons.person[1].name);
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
3、json解析器
Java对象转换JSON
1. 使用步骤:
1. 导入jackson的相关jar包
jackson-annotations-2.2.3.jar jackson-core-2.2.3.jar jackson-databind-2.2.3.jar 放在WEB-INF下的lib下
2. 创建Jackson核心对象 ObjectMapper
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
3. 调用ObjectMapper的相关方法进行转换
1. 转换方法
writeValue(参数1,obj):(了解)
参数1:
File:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并保存到指定的文件中
Writer:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并将json数据填充到字符输出流中
OutputStream:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并将json数据填充到字节输出流中
writeValueAsString(obj):将对象转为json字符串
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(p);
代码演示:
Java对象
package cn.com.Ycy.domain;
/**
* @Author YCY
* @Date 2020/8/22 17:22
* @Version 1.0
*/
public class person {
private String name;
private int age;
private String sex;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
测试类:
public class mytest {
@Test
public void Mytest() throws JsonProcessingException {
person p = new person();
p.setAge(23);
p.setName("张三");
p.setSex("男");
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(p);
System.out.println(json);
}
}
输出的格式:
{"name":"张三","age":23,"sex":"男"}
细节处理
2、注解
1. @JsonIgnore:排除属性。不对属性进行转为json
2. @JsonFormat:属性值得格式化 在对应的属性的上或者是set方法上
例如: @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")
代码演示:
public class person {
private String name;
private int age;
private String sex;
@JsonIgnore
private Date birthday;
//get/set方法
}
测试方法:
@Test
public void Mytest2() throws JsonProcessingException {
person p = new person();
p.setAge(24);
p.setName("李四");
p.setSex("男");
p.setBirthday(new Date());
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(p);
System.out.println(json);
}
输出结果:
{"name":"李四","age":24,"sex":"男"}
案例演示2:对某个属性转换格式特定化
public class person {
private String name;
private int age;
private String sex;
@JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")
private Date birthday;
//set/get方法
}
测试方法:
@Test
public void Mytest3() throws JsonProcessingException {
person p = new person();
p.setAge(24);
p.setName("老王");
p.setSex("男");
p.setBirthday(new Date());
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(p);
System.out.println(json);
}
输出结果 :
{"name":"老王","age":24,"sex":"男","birthday":"2020-08-22"}
3、复杂java对象转换
1、List:转出来是数组
代码演示:
@Test
public void Mytest4() throws JsonProcessingException {
person p = new person();
p.setAge(21);
p.setName("老王");
p.setSex("男");
p.setBirthday(new Date());
person p1 = new person();
p1.setAge(22);
p1.setName("李思");
p1.setSex("女");
p1.setBirthday(new Date());
person p2 = new person();
p2.setAge(21);
p2.setName("高维");
p2.setSex("男");
p2.setBirthday(new Date());
List<person> personArrayList = new ArrayList<>();
personArrayList.add(p);
personArrayList.add(p1);
personArrayList.add(p2);
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(personArrayList);
System.out.println(json);
}
输出样式
[{"name":"老王","age":21,"sex":"男","birthday":"2020-08-22"},{"name":"李思","age":22,"sex":"女","birthday":"2020-08-22"}, {"name":"高维","age":21,"sex":"男","birthday":"2020-08-22"}]
2、Map:转换的样式是对象格式
@Test
public void Mytest5() throws JsonProcessingException {
Map<String,Object>map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("name","张三");
map.put("age",21);
map.put("sex","男");
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(map);
System.out.println(json);
}
输出样式:
{"sex":"男","name":"张三","age":21}