Ubuntu22安装K8S实战

codemaster1024

已于 2024-04-15 13:22:25 修改

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分类专栏： k8s 云原生文章标签： kubernetes linux

于 2024-04-15 13:21:52 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43757014/article/details/137777261

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一、前言

现在k8s基本上是每一个后端开发人员必学的技术了，为了能够花费最小的成本学习k8s技术，我用自己的电脑跑了三个虚拟机节点，并希望在这三个节点上安装k8s 1.26版本，部署成一个master两个node的架构来满足最基本的学习；下面我们就来逐步讲解整个安装过程。

二、虚拟机镜像安装

我在机器上使用的虚拟机软件是VMware Fusion13.0.0，安装的操作系统是ubuntu 22.04，对应的镜像下载链接如下:ubuntu-22.04.2-live-server-amd64.iso。友情提示：可以拷贝下载链接通过迅雷下载，比浏览器快；

网络设置

在虚拟机软件安装成功后，我们会单独创建一个网络供里面的实例使用，主要目的就是保证三个节点能够在同一个子网内相互通信，避免网络问题影响后续操作；

最终我们三个节点的ip分别是：

192.168.56.135 k8s.master1

192.168.56.134 k8s.node1

192.168.56.133 k8s.node2

podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/24

serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12

处理器、内存、磁盘配置

在节点安装过程中，需要修改一下处理器、内存以及磁盘的配置：

三、修改系统设置

在Ubuntu 22.04安装完毕后，我们需要做以下检查和操作：

检查网络

在每个节点安装成功后，需要通过ping命令检查以下几项：

1.是否能够ping通baidu.com；

2.是否能够ping通宿主机；

3.是否能够ping通子网内其他节点；

检查时区

cat /etc/timezone

时区不正确的可以通过下面的命令来修正：

timedatectl list-timezones ## 找到时区名字
##修改
sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
##验证
timedatectl

配置ubuntu系统国内源

因为我们需要在ubuntu 22.04系统上安装k8s，为了避免遭遇科学上网的问题，我们需要配置一下国内的源；

备份默认源：

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
sudo rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list

配置国内源：

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

内容如下：

 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

更新

修改完毕后，需要执行以下命令生效
```
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
```

禁用selinux

默认ubuntu下没有这个模块，centos下需要禁用selinux；

禁用swap

临时禁用命令：

sudo swapoff -a

永久禁用：

sudo vi /etc/fstab

将最后一行注释后重启系统即生效：

#/swap.img      none    swap    sw      0       0

修改内核参数：

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF
 
 sudo modprobe overlay
 sudo modprobe br_netfilter

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
EOF

运行以下命令使得上述配置生效：

sudo sysctl --system

设置ssh访问

#安装openssh
sudo apt install openssh-server

vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
将permitRootLogin prohibit-password 改为
PermitRootLogin yes

重启ssh
sudo systemctl restart ssh

设置主机名

vim /etc/hostname

vim /etc/hosts

重启

设置主机跨密码访问

使用A机器登录B机器。

ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub -p 22 es@local3

四、安装Docker Engine

官方文档在这里ubuntu安装Docker Engine；

卸载旧版本

sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc

更新apt

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install \
     ca-certificates \
     curl \
     gnupg \
     lsb-release

添加官方GPG key

sudo mkdir -m 0755 -p /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

此处会报警告，但是不碍事；

配置repository

echo \
   "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
   $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

更新apt索引

sudo apt-get update

安装Docker Engine

sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

配置阿里云镜像源

需要登陆阿里云：cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou…

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
 sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
 {
   "registry-mirrors": ["阿里云镜像源链接"]
 }
 EOF

不想登陆的小伙伴可以用中国科学技术大学镜像源：docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

设置开机自启动docker

sudo systemctl enable docker.service

重启docker engine

sudo systemctl restart docker.service

五、修改containerd配置

修改这个配置是关键，否则会因为科学上网的问题导致k8s安装出错；比如后续kubeadm init失败，kubeadm join后节点状态一直处于NotReady状态等问题；

备份默认配置

    sudo mv /etc/containerd/config.toml /etc/containerd/config.toml.bak

修改配置

sudo vi /etc/containerd/config.toml

配置内容如下：

disabled_plugins = []
 imports = []
 oom_score = 0
 plugin_dir = ""
 required_plugins = []
 root = "/var/lib/containerd"
 state = "/run/containerd"
 temp = ""
 version = 2
 
 [cgroup]
   path = ""
 
 [debug]
   address = ""
   format = ""
   gid = 0
   level = ""
   uid = 0
 
 [grpc]
   address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
   gid = 0
   max_recv_message_size = 16777216
   max_send_message_size = 16777216
   tcp_address = ""
   tcp_tls_ca = ""
   tcp_tls_cert = ""
   tcp_tls_key = ""
   uid = 0
 
 [metrics]
   address = ""
   grpc_histogram = false
 
 [plugins]
 
   [plugins."io.containerd.gc.v1.scheduler"]
     deletion_threshold = 0
     mutation_threshold = 100
     pause_threshold = 0.02
     schedule_delay = "0s"
     startup_delay = "100ms"
 
   [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
     device_ownership_from_security_context = false
     disable_apparmor = false
     disable_cgroup = false
     disable_hugetlb_controller = true
     disable_proc_mount = false
     disable_tcp_service = true
     enable_selinux = false
     enable_tls_streaming = false
     enable_unprivileged_icmp = false
     enable_unprivileged_ports = false
     ignore_image_defined_volumes = false
     max_concurrent_downloads = 3
     max_container_log_line_size = 16384
     netns_mounts_under_state_dir = false
     restrict_oom_score_adj = false
     sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9"
     selinux_category_range = 1024
     stats_collect_period = 10
     stream_idle_timeout = "4h0m0s"
     stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"
     stream_server_port = "0"
     systemd_cgroup = false
     tolerate_missing_hugetlb_controller = true
     unset_seccomp_profile = ""
 
     [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".cni]
       bin_dir = "/opt/cni/bin"
       conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
       conf_template = ""
       ip_pref = ""
       max_conf_num = 1
 
     [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
       default_runtime_name = "runc"
       disable_snapshot_annotations = true
       discard_unpacked_layers = false
       ignore_rdt_not_enabled_errors = false
       no_pivot = false
       snapshotter = "overlayfs"
 
       [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime]
         base_runtime_spec = ""
         cni_conf_dir = ""
         cni_max_conf_num = 0
         container_annotations = []
         pod_annotations = []
         privileged_without_host_devices = false
         runtime_engine = ""
         runtime_path = ""
         runtime_root = ""
         runtime_type = ""
 
         [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime.options]
 
       [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]
 
         [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
           base_runtime_spec = ""
           cni_conf_dir = ""
           cni_max_conf_num = 0
           container_annotations = []
           pod_annotations = []
           privileged_without_host_devices = false
           runtime_engine = ""
           runtime_path = ""
           runtime_root = ""
           runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
 
           [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
             BinaryName = ""
             CriuImagePath = ""
             CriuPath = ""
             CriuWorkPath = ""
             IoGid = 0
             IoUid = 0
             NoNewKeyring = false
             NoPivotRoot = false
             Root = ""
             ShimCgroup = ""
             SystemdCgroup = true
 
       [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]
         base_runtime_spec = ""
         cni_conf_dir = ""
         cni_max_conf_num = 0
         container_annotations = []
         pod_annotations = []
         privileged_without_host_devices = false
         runtime_engine = ""
         runtime_path = ""
         runtime_root = ""
         runtime_type = ""
 
         [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime.options]
 
     [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".image_decryption]
       key_model = "node"
 
     [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]
       config_path = ""
 
       [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.auths]
 
       [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs]
 
       [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.headers]
 
       [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]
 
     [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".x509_key_pair_streaming]
       tls_cert_file = ""
       tls_key_file = ""
 
   [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.opt"]
     path = "/opt/containerd"
 
   [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.restart"]
     interval = "10s"
 
   [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.tracing"]
     sampling_ratio = 1.0
     service_name = "containerd"
 
   [plugins."io.containerd.metadata.v1.bolt"]
     content_sharing_policy = "shared"
 
   [plugins."io.containerd.monitor.v1.cgroups"]
     no_prometheus = false
 
   [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"]
     no_shim = false
     runtime = "runc"
     runtime_root = ""
     shim = "containerd-shim"
     shim_debug = false
 
   [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v2.task"]
     platforms = ["linux/amd64"]
     sched_core = false
 
   [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.diff-service"]
     default = ["walking"]
 
   [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.tasks-service"]
     rdt_config_file = ""
 
   [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.aufs"]
     root_path = ""
 
   [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs"]
     root_path = ""
 
   [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.devmapper"]
     async_remove = false
     base_image_size = ""
     discard_blocks = false
     fs_options = ""
     fs_type = ""
     pool_name = ""
     root_path = ""
 
   [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.native"]
     root_path = ""
 
   [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs"]
     root_path = ""
     upperdir_label = false
 
   [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.zfs"]
     root_path = ""
 
   [plugins."io.containerd.tracing.processor.v1.otlp"]
     endpoint = ""
     insecure = false
     protocol = ""
 
 [proxy_plugins]
 
 [stream_processors]
 
   [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar"]
     accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+encrypted"]
     args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
     env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
     path = "ctd-decoder"
     returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar"
 
   [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar.gzip"]
     accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip+encrypted"]
     args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
     env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
     path = "ctd-decoder"
     returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip"
 
 [timeouts]
   "io.containerd.timeout.bolt.open" = "0s"
   "io.containerd.timeout.shim.cleanup" = "5s"
   "io.containerd.timeout.shim.load" = "5s"
   "io.containerd.timeout.shim.shutdown" = "3s"
   "io.containerd.timeout.task.state" = "2s"
 
 [ttrpc]
   address = ""
   gid = 0
   uid = 0

重启containerd服务

sudo systemctl enable containerd
sudo systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart containerd

六、安装k8s组件

添加k8s的阿里云yum源

curl -s https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
 
 sudo apt-add-repository "deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main"
 
 sudo apt-get update
 
 ##用这个
 vi /etc/apt/sources.list
##添加
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial main
##更新
apt-get update

安装k8s组件

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y kubelet=1.26.1-00 kubeadm=1.26.1-00 kubectl=1.26.1-00
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

可以通过apt-cache madison kubelet命令查看kubelet组件的版本；其他组件查看也是一样的命令，把对应位置的组件名称替换即可；

七、下载k8s镜像

配置k8s镜像列表

sudo kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version=v1.26.1

下载镜像

sudo docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.26.1
 sudo docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.26.1
 sudo docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.26.1
 sudo docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.26.1
 sudo docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9
 sudo docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.6-0
 sudo docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.9.3

八、初始化master

生成kubeadm默认配置文件

sudo kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml

修改默认配置

sudo vi kubeadm.yaml

总共做了四处修改：

1.修改localAPIEndpoint.advertiseAddress为master的ip；

2.修改nodeRegistration.name为当前节点名称；

3.修改imageRepository为国内源：registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

4.添加networking.podSubnet，该网络ip范围不能与networking.serviceSubnet冲突，也不能与节点网络192.168.56.0/24相冲突；所以我就设置成192.168.66.0/24；

修改后的内容如下：

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
 bootstrapTokens:
 - groups:
   - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
   token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
   ttl: 24h0m0s
   usages:
   - signing
   - authentication
 kind: InitConfiguration
 localAPIEndpoint:
   advertiseAddress: 192.168.56.136
   bindPort: 6443
 nodeRegistration:
   criSocket: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
   imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
   name: k8s-master1
   taints: null
 ---
 apiServer:
   timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
 apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
 certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
 clusterName: kubernetes
 controllerManager: {}
 dns: {}
 etcd:
   local:
     dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
 imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
 kind: ClusterConfiguration
 kubernetesVersion: 1.26.0
 networking:
   dnsDomain: cluster.local
   serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
   podSubnet: 192.168.66.0/24
 scheduler: {}

执行初始化操作

sudo kubeadm init --config kubeadm.yaml

如果在执行init操作中有任何错误，可以使用journalctl -u kubelet查看到的错误日志；失败后我们可以通过下面的命令重置，否则再次init会存在端口冲突的问题：

sudo kubeadm reset

初始化成功后，按照提示执行下面命令：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

再切换到root用户执行下面命令：

export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

先不要着急kubeadm join其他节点进来，可以切换root用户执行以下命令就能看到节点列表：

kubectl get nodes

但是此时的节点状态还是NotReady状态，我们接下来需要安装网络插件；

9.给master安装calico网络插件

下载calico.yaml配置

curl https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.25/manifests/calico.yaml -O

如果下载不了的小伙伴可以自己通过上面的链接去浏览器下载，这个是calico 3.25版本的配置；

下载后需要修改其中的一项配置：

找到以下配置项：

- name: CLUSTER_TYPE
   value: "k8s,bgp"

在该配置项下添加以下配置：

- name: IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD
   value: "interface=ens.*"

安装插件

sudo kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

卸载该插件可以使用下面命令：

sudo kubectl delete -f calico.yaml

calico网络插件安装成功后，master节点的状态将逐渐转变成Ready状态；如果状态一直是NotReady，建议重启一下master节点；

九、接入两个工作节点

我们在master节点init成功后，会提示可以通过kubeadm join命令把工作节点加入进来。我们在master节点安装好calico网络插件后，就可以分别在两个工作节点中执行kubeadm join命令了：

sudo kubeadm join --token ......

如果我们忘记了master中生成的命令，我们依然可以通过以下命令让master节点重新生成一下kubeadm join命令：

sudo kubeadm token create --print-join-command

我们在工作节点执行完kubeadm join命令后，需要回到master节点执行以下命令检查工作节点是否逐渐转变为Ready状态：

sudo kubectl get nodes

如果工作节点长时间处于NotReady状态，我们需要查看pods状态：

sudo kubectl get pods -n kube-system

查看目标pod的日志可以使用下面命令：

kubectl describe pod -n kube-system [pod-name]

当所有工作节点都转变成Ready状态后，我们就可以安装Dashboard了；

安装Dashboard

准备配置文件

可以科学上网的小伙伴可以按照github上的文档来：github.com/kubernetes/…，我选择的是2.7.0版本；（不能再机器外访问）

不能科学上网的小伙伴就按照下面步骤来，在master节点操作：（未成功）

sudo vi recommended.yaml

删除现有的dashboard服务，dashboard 服务的 namespace 是 kubernetes-dashboard，但是该服务的类型是ClusterIP，不便于我们通过浏览器访问，因此需要改成NodePort型的

# 查看 现有的服务
[root@master1 ~]# kubectl get svc --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE              NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
default                kubernetes                  ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP                  6d13h
default                nginx                       NodePort    10.102.220.172   <none>        80:31863/TCP             8h
kube-system            kube-dns                    ClusterIP   10.96.0.10       <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   6d13h
kubernetes-dashboard   dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.100.246.255   <none>        8000/TCP                 61s
kubernetes-dashboard   kubernetes-dashboard        ClusterIP   10.109.210.35    <none>        443/TCP                  61s

[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl delete service kubernetes-dashboard --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
service "kubernetes-dashboard" deleted

## 下载推荐的部署文件
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml -O k8s-dashboard.yaml

# 修改后的yaml文件,默认创建名为 "kubernetes-dashboard“ 的service 是ClusterIP 类型，我们要通过外网访问的话需要修改下，这里我们修改为 NodePort。

#编辑 recommended.yaml 在大约 40行的位置添加一行 type: NodePort

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard


apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard


kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort  ##新增
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30003
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard


apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque


apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""


apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque


kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard


kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]


kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]


apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard


apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard


kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      securityContext:
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
        "kubernetes.io/hostname": k8s-02
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule


kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper


kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
    spec:
      securityContext:
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
        "kubernetes.io/hostname": k8s-02
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

执行部署

kubectl apply -f k8s-dashboard.yaml

查看状态、创建账号

# 查看状态
kubectl get pod,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard

# 创建账号、绑定权限、生成token
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kubernetes-dashboard
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin-rb --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:dashboard-admin
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard create token dashboard-admin --duration 3153600000s

# 复制token并登录dashboard ui

安装

通过执行以下命令安装Dashboard：

sudo kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml

此时就静静等待，直到kubectl get pods -A命令下显示都是Running状态：

kubernetes-dashboard dashboard-metrics-scraper-7bc864c59-tdxdd 1/1 Running 0 5m32s

kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard-6ff574dd47-p55zl 1/1 Running 0 5m32s

查看端口

sudo kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard

浏览器访问Dashboard

根据上面的命令我们知道端口后，那么就可以在宿主机的浏览器上访问Dashboard了；如果chorme浏览器显示该网站不可信，请点击继续前往；选择使用Token登录

生成Token

在master节点中执行下面命令创建admin-user：

sudo vi dash.yaml

配置文件内容如下：

apiVersion: v1
 kind: ServiceAccount
 metadata:
   name: admin-user
   namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
 ---
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
 kind: ClusterRoleBinding
 metadata:
   name: admin-user
 roleRef:
   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
   kind: ClusterRole
   name: cluster-admin
 subjects:
 - kind: ServiceAccount
   name: admin-user
   namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

接下来我们通过下面命令创建admin-user：

sudo kubectl apply -f dash.yaml

日志如下：

serviceaccount/admin-user created

clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/admin-user created

这就表示admin-user账号创建成功，接下来我们生成该用户的Token：

kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard create token admin-user

我们把生成的Token拷贝好贴进浏览器对应的输入框中并点击登录按钮：

至此，我们就在ubuntu 22.04上完成了k8s的安装。

测试K8s集群

这里部署了一个nginx的app来进行测试，

kubectl create deployment nginx-app --image=nginx --replicas=2

查看nginx的状态：

kubectl get deployment nginx-app

将deployment暴露出去，采用NodePort的方式（这种方式会在每个节点上开放同一个端口，外部可以通过节点ip+port的方式进行访问）

kubectl expose deployment nginx-app --type=NodePort --port=80

可以检查service的状态，

kubectl get svc nginx-app
kubectl describe svc nginx-app

下面是测试结果：

说明Nginx运行正常，整个k8s节点部署成功。

codemaster1024

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Ubuntu22安装K8S实战

现在k8s基本上是每一个后端开发人员必学的技术了，为了能够花费最小的成本学习k8s技术，我用自己的电脑跑了三个虚拟机节点，并希望在这三个节点上安装k8s 1.26版本，部署成一个master两个node的架构来满足最基本的学习；下面我们就来逐步讲解整个安装过程。
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