Java多线程案例
100张电影票分别由三个窗口销售
public class SellTicket implements Runnable {
private int ticket = 100;
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
if (ticket > 0) {
//模拟出票
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在出售第" + ticket + "张票");
ticket--;
}
}
}
}
class SellTicketDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SellTicket st = new SellTicket();
Thread t1 = new Thread(st, "窗口1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(st, "窗口2");
Thread t3 = new Thread(st, "窗口3");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
运行结果:
该程序会出现同一张票被卖了多次的问题。
t1线程抢到CPU执行权,t1线程开始执行,先休息1000毫秒;
t2线程抢到CPU执行权,t2线程开始执行,先休息1000毫秒;
t3线程抢到CPU执行权,t3线程开始执行,先休息1000毫秒;
假设线程按顺序醒过来;
t1在控制台输出:窗口一正在售出第100张票;
t2在控制台输出:窗口二正在售出第100张票;
t3在控制台输出:窗口三正在售出第100张票;
之后三个线程分别执行三次ticket–;
ticket = 97;
使用同步代码块解决问题
使用synchronized把多条语句操作共享数据的代码给锁起来,让任意时刻只能有一个线程执行即可
synchronized是Java中的关键字,是一种同步锁。
synchronized(任意对象):相当于给代码加锁了,任意对象就可以看成是一把锁
- 好处:解决了多线程的数据安全问题
- 弊端:当线程很多时,因为每个线程都会去判断同步上的锁,这是很耗费资源的,无形中会降低程序的
运行效率
public class SellTicket implements Runnable {
private int ticket = 100;
Object obj = new Object();
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
//ticket = 100;
//假设t1抢到cpu执行权
//假设t2抢到cpu执行权
synchronized (obj){
//t1进来后就会把这段代码锁起来
if (ticket > 0) {
//模拟出票
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在出售第" + ticket + "张票");
ticket--; //ticket = 99
}
//t1出来后这段代码解锁
}
}
}
}
class SellTicketDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SellTicket st = new SellTicket();
Thread t1 = new Thread(st, "窗口1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(st, "窗口2");
Thread t3 = new Thread(st, "窗口3");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
运行结果:
synchronized的应用
synchronized修饰方法
public synchronized void method()
{
}
或
public void method()
{
synchronized(this) {
}
}
Synchronized也可修饰一个静态方法
public synchronized static void method() {
//
}
代码修改:
public class SellTicket implements Runnable {
private int ticket = 100;
Object obj = new Object();
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
sellTicket();
}
}
private synchronized void sellTicket() {
if (ticket > 0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在出售第" + ticket + "张票");
ticket--;
}
}
}
class SellTicketDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SellTicket st = new SellTicket();
Thread t1 = new Thread(st, "窗口1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(st, "窗口2");
Thread t3 = new Thread(st, "窗口3");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
Lock锁
- Lock不是Java语言内置的,synchronized是Java语言的关键字,因此是内置特性。Lock是一个类,通过这个类可以实现同步访问;
- Lock是接口不能直接实例化,而是采用它的实现类ReentrantLock来实例化
- Lock和synchronized不同的是,采用synchronized不需要用户去手动释放锁,当synchronized方法或者synchronized代码块执行完之后,系统会自动让线程释放对锁的占用;而Lock则必须要用户去手动释放锁,如果没有主动释放锁,就有可能导致出现死锁现象。
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class SellTicket implements Runnable {
private int ticket = 100;
Object obj = new Object();
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
lock.lock();
if (ticket > 0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在出售第" + ticket + "张票");
ticket--;
}
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
private synchronized void sellTicket() {
if (ticket > 0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在出售第" + ticket + "张票");
ticket--;
}
}
}
class SellTicketDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SellTicket st = new SellTicket();
Thread t1 = new Thread(st, "窗口1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(st, "窗口2");
Thread t3 = new Thread(st, "窗口3");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}