JS数组方法详解

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-17 13:20:27 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-17 13:20:27 发布

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文章标签： javascript 前端 java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43765641/article/details/126855938

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目录

1、将数组转化为字符串：join()

2、添加

3、删除

4、数组升序排列：sort()

5、反转数组顺序：reverse()

6、操作方法

7、位置方法

1、将数组转化为字符串：join()

参数：一个参数，把数组分割为字符串，如果有参数用参数来分隔，没有参数默认用逗号分隔

（1）默认用逗号分隔：
<script>
    var arr=["a","b","c","d","e"]
    console.log(arr);
    console.log(arr.join());
</script>
（2）分隔参数为空：
<script>
    var arr=["a","b","c","d","e"]
    console.log(arr);
    console.log(arr.join(''));
</script>
2、添加

（1）向数组最前面添加元素：unshift()

参数：添加数组的内容
<script>
    var arr=["a","b","c","d","e"]
    console.log(arr);
    arr.unshift('f','g','h');
    console.log(arr);
</script>
（2）向数组最后面添加元素：push()

参数：添加数组的内容
<script>
    var arr=["a","b","c","d","e"]
    console.log(arr);
    arr.push('f','g','h');
    console.log(arr);
</script>
3、删除

（1）删除数组第一项：shift()
<script>
    var arr=["a","b","c","d","e"]
    console.log(arr);
    arr.shift();
    console.log(arr);
</script>
（2）删除数组最后一项： pop()
<script>
    var arr=["a","b","c","d","e"]
    console.log(arr);
    arr.pop();
    console.log(arr);
</script>
4、数组升序排列：sort()

无参数

返回值：排序后的数组

（1）如果是单个数字，默认通过ASCII码排序
<script>
    var arr=["5","1","0","3","4","8","6",]
    console.log(arr);
    arr.sort();
    console.log(arr);
</script>
（2）如果不是单个数字

从小到大排序：如果v1-v2大于0，则v1和v2交换位置
<script>
    var arr=["65","11","0","113","14","38","6","25"]
    console.log(arr);
    arr.sort(function(v1,v2){
        return v1-v2;
    });
    console.log(arr);
</script>
从大到小排序：如果v2-v1小于0，则v2和v1交换位置
<script>
    var arr=["65","11","0","113","14","38","6","25"]
    console.log(arr);
    arr.sort(function(v1,v2){
        return v2-v1;
    });
    console.log(arr);
</script>
5、反转数组顺序：reverse()

无参数

返回值：排序后的数组
<script>
    var arr=["65","11","0","113","14","38","6","25"]
    console.log(arr);
    arr.reverse()
    console.log(arr);
</script>
6、操作方法

        （1）拼接数组：concat()

                参数：多个参数，可以是数组也可以是其它类型

                功能：创建新数组，将接受到的参数添加到新数组末尾

                返回值：新构建的数组
<script>
    var arr=["65","11","0","113","14","38","6","25"]
    var newarr=[]
    console.log(arr);
    newarr=arr.concat("1000","a","b")
    console.log(newarr);
</script>
        （2）截取数组：slice()

                参数：一个参数：返回从该参数位置开始到数组末尾的所有项

                           两个参数：返回起始和结束位置之间的项，包括起始位置，但不包括结束位置的项

                功能：基于方法的参数索引，截取一个新数组，不会改变数组
<script>
    var arr=["65","11","0","113","14","38","6","25"]
    var newarr=[]
    console.log(arr);
    newarr=arr.slice(3)
    console.log(newarr);
</script>
        （3）splice()

                a、删除：splice(下标，删除的个数)

                    两个参数，要删除的第一项的起始位置和要删除的项数
<script>
    var arr=["65","11","0","113","14","38","6","25"]
    console.log(arr);
    arr.splice(3,4)
    console.log(arr);
</script>
                b、添加：splice(下标，0，添加的项)

                      三个参数，起始位置，0，要插入的任意数量的项
<script>
    var arr=["65","11","0","113","14","38","6","25"]
    console.log(arr);
    arr.splice(3,0,"a","b","c")
    console.log(arr);
</script>
              c、替换：splice(下标，删除的个数，替换的项)

                      三个参数，起始位置，要删除的项数，要替换的任意数量的项
<script>
    var arr=["65","11","0","113","14","38","6","25"]
    console.log(arr);
    arr.splice(3,4,"a","b","c","d")
    console.log(arr);
</script>
7、位置方法

（1）indexOf()

        作用：从前向后查找或者获取元素的索引值，如果找不到，得到的的值就是-1

        参数：一个参数：要查找的元素

                    两个参数：要查找的元素，查找这个元素开始的索引
<script>
    var arr=["65","11","0","113","g","14","a","38","6","25"]
    console.log(arr);
    var index=arr.indexOf('g')
    console.log(index);
</script>
（2）lastIndexOf()

                作用：从后向前查找或者获取元素的索引值，如果找不到，得到的的值就是-1

                参数：一个参数：要查找的元素

                           两个参数：要查找的元素，查找这个元素开始的索引

                注意：虽然是从后向前查找，但是最左面的是索引0
<script>
    var arr=["65","11","0","113","g","14","a","38","6","25"]
    console.log(arr);
    var index=arr.lastIndexOf('25')
    console.log(index);
</script>