postgresql.conf参数配置

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前言

提示：Postgresql参数应该怎么配置呢需要注意的几个参数

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一、Postgresql.conf配置

# -----------------------------
# PostgreSQL configuration file
# -----------------------------
#
# This file consists of lines of the form:
#
#   name = value
#
# (The "=" is optional.)  Whitespace may be used.  Comments are introduced with
# "#" anywhere on a line.  The complete list of parameter names and allowed
# values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation.
#
# The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.
# Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value;
# you need to reload the server.
#
# This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP
# signal.  If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the
# server for the changes to take effect, run "pg_ctl reload", or execute
# "SELECT pg_reload_conf()".  Some parameters, which are marked below,
# require a server shutdown and restart to take effect.
#
# Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g.,
# "postgres -c log_connections=on".  Some parameters can be changed at run time
# with the "SET" SQL command.
#
# Memory units:  kB = kilobytes        Time units:  ms  = milliseconds
#                MB = megabytes                     s   = seconds
#                GB = gigabytes                     min = minutes
#                TB = terabytes                     h   = hours
#                                                   d   = days


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FILE LOCATIONS  一些其他配置文件的位置
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line
# option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.

#data_directory = 'ConfigDir'		# use data in another directory
					# (change requires restart)
#hba_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_hba.conf'	# host-based authentication file
					# (change requires restart)
#ident_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_ident.conf'	# ident configuration file
					# (change requires restart)

# If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.
#external_pid_file = ''			# write an extra PID file
					# (change requires restart)


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION 连接和验证
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Connection Settings - 连接设置
# Postgresql监听本地IP服务(本地那个ip可以对外提供pg服务)地址
listen_addresses = '*'		# what IP address(es) to listen on;
					# comma-separated list of addresses;
					# defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all
					# (change requires restart)
#监听本地端口服务					
port = 9300  				# (change requires restart)

#解释:每个客户端连接都会占用很小一部分的"共享内存",系统有限的共享内存默认是不允许过多的连接的. 该参数不能设置得过大,会浪费"共享内存".
#最大共享内存连接数(服务器性能好多配点)
max_connections = 1500  		# (restart)
8
#给超级管理员提供的后备连接资源(2500连接满了后再提供5个槽位只有超级管理员可用)
superuser_reserved_connections = 5      # (restart) 

#unix_socket_directories = '/var/run/postgresql, /tmp'	# comma-separated list of directories
					# (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_group = ''			# (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_permissions = 0777		# begin with 0 to use octal notation
					# (change requires restart)
#bonjour = off				# advertise server via Bonjour
					# (change requires restart)
#bonjour_name = ''			# defaults to the computer name
					# (change requires restart)

# - TCP settings -
# see "man 7 tcp" for details
#指定不活动多少秒之后通过 TCP 向客户端发送一个 keepalive 消息,看客户端是不是活着
#tcp_keepalives_idle = 0		# TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds;
					# 0 selects the system default
#指定在多少秒之后重发一个还没有被客户端告知已收到的 TCP keepalive 消息(发送消息给客户端客户端没回我,指定时间在继续发送)				
#tcp_keepalives_interval = 0		# TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds;
					# 0 selects the system default
#tcp_keepalives_count = 0		# TCP_KEEPCNT;
					# 0 selects the system default
#tcp_user_timeout = 0			# TCP_USER_TIMEOUT, in milliseconds;
					# 0 selects the system default

# - Authentication - 认证
# 连接超过2分钟连接超时
authentication_timeout = 2min		# 1s-600s 
#当在CREATE USER或ALTER ROLE 中指定了一个密码时，这个参数决定加密密码所使用的算法,默认值是md5。
#password_encryption = md5		# md5 or scram-sha-256
#db_user_namespace = off

# GSSAPI using Kerberos
#krb_server_keyfile = ''
#krb_caseins_users = off

# - SSL -

#ssl = off
#ssl_ca_file = ''
#ssl_cert_file = 'server.crt'
#ssl_crl_file = ''
#ssl_key_file = 'server.key'
#ssl_ciphers = 'HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL' # allowed SSL ciphers
#ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = on
#ssl_ecdh_curve = 'prime256v1'
#ssl_min_protocol_version = 'TLSv1'
#ssl_max_protocol_version = ''
#ssl_dh_params_file = ''
#ssl_passphrase_command = ''
#ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload = off


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Memory -
#详情:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangfx01/p/10438735.html
#共享内存缓存区间 如果命中了不会去操作IO,设置当前机器的%25就好,也可以为了最优可以根据命中，以及缓存占比调整
shared_buffers = 15GB			# min 128kB 
					# (change requires restart)
#huge_pages = try			# on, off, or try
					# (change requires restart)
#每个用户会话临时缓冲区的最大内存.这些是仅用于访问临时表的会话本地缓冲					
temp_buffers = 50M	# min 800kB 

#max_prepared_transactions = 0		# zero disables the feature
					# (change requires restart)
# Caution: it is not advisable to set max_prepared_transactions nonzero unless
# you actively intend to use prepared transactions.
#(配了4个工作者)声明内部排序操作和Hash表在开始使用临时磁盘文件之前使用的内存数目的最大内存容量(工作者使用的最大临时内存)每个工作者的独立内存
work_mem = 30MB				# min 64kB 
#maintenance_work_mem = 64MB		# min 1MB
#autovacuum_work_mem = -1		# min 1MB, or -1 to use maintenance_work_mem
#max_stack_depth = 2MB			# min 100kB
#shared_memory_type = mmap		# the default is the first option
					# supported by the operating system:
					#   mmap
					#   sysv
					#   windows
					# (change requires restart)
#声明服务器应该使用的动态共享内存实现。
#可能的值有posix （对于使用shm_open分配的POSIX共享内存）、
#sysv （对于通过shmget分配的System V共享内存）、windows （对于Windows共享内存）、#mmap （对于使用存储在数据目录中的内存映射文件的模仿共享内存）和none （禁用此功能）。
#并不是在所有平台上都支持所有的值；第一个支持的选项是平台的默认值。					
dynamic_shared_memory_type = posix	# the default is the first option
					# supported by the operating system:
					#   posix
					#   sysv
					#   windows
					#   mmap
					# (change requires restart)

# - Disk -

#temp_file_limit = -1			# limits per-process temp file space
					# in kB, or -1 for no limit

# - Kernel Resources -
# 设置每个服务器进程允许同时打开的最大文件数目。这个会消耗内核资源在当前操作系统打开的文件越多消耗的资源也就越大。
max_files_per_process = 1500		# min 25 
					# (change requires restart)

# - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay -

#vacuum_cost_delay = 0			# 0-100 milliseconds (0 disables)
#vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1		# 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10		# 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20		# 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_limit = 200		# 1-10000 credits

# - Background Writer -

#bgwriter_delay = 200ms			# 10-10000ms between rounds
#bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100		# max buffers written/round, 0 disables
#bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0		# 0-10.0 multiplier on buffers scanned/round
#bgwriter_flush_after = 512kB		# measured in pages, 0 disables

# - Asynchronous Behavior - 异步行为

# 并行发起的I/O 操作的数目(20个线程)
effective_io_concurrency = 20		# 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching 

#数据库系统后台进程最大数量(多进程池)
max_worker_processes = 12		# (change requires restart) 

#内建的过程使用并行启动的并行工作者的最大数目(创建索引多进程执行),维护命令(例如 CREATE INDEX) 命令允许的最大并行进程数
max_parallel_maintenance_workers = 4	# taken from max_parallel_workers 
 
#4个工作者同时并行查询执行
max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 4	# taken from max_parallel_workers  

#parallel_leader_participation = on

#最大可以建立多少工作者(从多进程池里取大于他无效)
max_parallel_workers = 12		# maximum number of max_worker_processes that 
					# can be used in parallel operations
#old_snapshot_threshold = -1		# 1min-60d; -1 disables; 0 is immediate
					# (change requires restart)
#backend_flush_after = 0		# measured in pages, 0 disables


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# WRITE-AHEAD LOG
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Settings -
#配置记录什么类型的信息||最小的记录不全没用不能恢复||可以选择副本或逻辑操作记录
wal_level = logical				# minimal, replica, or logical
					# (change requires restart)
#fsync = on				# flush data to disk for crash safety
					# (turning this off can cause
					# unrecoverable data corruption)
#synchronous_commit = on		# synchronization level;
					# off, local, remote_write, remote_apply, or on
#wal_sync_method = fsync		# the default is the first option
					# supported by the operating system:
					#   open_datasync
					#   fdatasync (default on Linux)
					#   fsync
					#   fsync_writethrough
					#   open_sync
#full_page_writes = on			# recover from partial page writes
#wal_compression = off			# enable compression of full-page writes
#wal_log_hints = off			# also do full page writes of non-critical updates
					# (change requires restart)
#wal_init_zero = on			# zero-fill new WAL files
#wal_recycle = on			# recycle WAL files
#wal_buffers = -1			# min 32kB, -1 sets based on shared_buffers
					# (change requires restart)
#wal_writer_delay = 200ms		# 1-10000 milliseconds
#wal_writer_flush_after = 1MB		# measured in pages, 0 disables

#commit_delay = 0			# range 0-100000, in microseconds
#commit_siblings = 5			# range 1-1000

# - Checkpoints -

#checkpoint_timeout = 5min		# range 30s-1d

#配置wal最大尺寸到了我就触发检查点写入内存中去
#参考值：主机内存1/2
#在自动WAL检查点使得WAL增长到最大尺寸，到了这个尺寸，检查点就开始工作。
max_wal_size = 1GB

#配置wal内存使用情况小于80M就触发检查点回收他
#参考值：主机内存1/8
#WAL磁盘使用率低于这个设置，旧的WAL文件总数被回收,确保预留足够的WAL空间处理WAL使用中的峰值。
min_wal_size = 80MB

#checkpoint_completion_target = 0.5	# checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0
#checkpoint_flush_after = 256kB		# measured in pages, 0 disables
#checkpoint_warning = 30s		# 0 disables

# - Archiving -

#是否打开归档
archive_mode = on		# enables archiving; off, on, or always
				# (change requires restart)

#当日志满了16M或者手动flash或定时的时间到了
#自动copy当前生成的一个快照文件复制到我指定的地址 并且销毁WAL文件重新生成一个(循环往复)				
archive_command = 'cp /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/%p /var/lib/pgsql/12/backups/walback/%f'		
				# command to use to archive a logfile segment
				# placeholders: %p = path of file to archive
				#               %f = file name only
				# e.g. 'test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/%f && cp %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f'

#设置请求发送间距大于上一次请求超过1分钟自动触发归档	 (先关闭)
archive_timeout =0		# force a logfile segment switch after this
				# number of seconds; 0 disables

# - Archive Recovery -

# These are only used in recovery mode.

#恢复到还原点路径设置
restore_command = 'cp /var/lib/pgsql/12/backups/walback/%f /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/%p'		
				# command to use to restore an archived logfile segment
				# placeholders: %p = path of file to restore
				#               %f = file name only
				# e.g. 'cp /mnt/server/archivedir/%f %p'
				# (change requires restart)
#archive_cleanup_command = ''	# command to execute at every restartpoint
#recovery_end_command = ''	# command to execute at completion of recovery

# - Recovery Target -

# 默认情况下，恢复将会一直恢复到 WAL 日志的末尾。 下面的参数可以用来指定一个更早的停止点。
# Set these only when performing a targeted recovery.

#达到跟归档数据一致的情况下结束恢复 | 完全恢复
#recovery_target = 'immediate'		# 'immediate' to end recovery as soon as a
                                	# consistent state is reached
									# (change requires restart)

#指定(pg-create_restore-point()所创建)的己命名的恢复点进行恢复										
#recovery_target_name = ''	# the named restore point to which recovery will proceed
				# (change requires restart)

#指定时间戳恢复				
#recovery_target_time = ''	# the time stamp up to which recovery will proceed
				# (change requires restart)

#指定事务ID恢复					
#recovery_target_xid = ''	# the transaction ID up to which recovery will proceed
				# (change requires restart)

#指定预写日志位置的LSN唯一值恢复	
#recovery_target_lsn = ''	# the WAL LSN up to which recovery will proceed
				# (change requires restart)

#指定在恢复项目前停止还是后停止 默认后停止 |--停止恢复(我指定一个时间我要还原到这个时间点我还原在他之前停止恢复还是在他之后停止恢复，不完全恢复)
#recovery_target_inclusive = on # Specifies whether to stop:
				# just after the specified recovery target (on)
				# just before the recovery target (off)
				# (change requires restart)

#指定时间线 |恢复最新版的  |恢复建立时的当前时间线  |恢复指定时间线的那个ID
#recovery_target_timeline = 'latest'	# 'current', 'latest', or timeline ID
				# (change requires restart)
				
#指定当到达恢复目标时服务器应该采取什么动作。默认值是pause， 这意味着将暂停恢复。promote意味着将结束恢复进程并且服务器开始接受连接。 shutdown将在到达恢复目标后停止服务器。
#恢复目标成功后做的一个动作 停止还是继续
#recovery_target_action = 'pause'	# 'pause', 'promote', 'shutdown'
				# (change requires restart)


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# REPLICATION
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Sending Servers -

# Set these on the master and on any standby that will send replication data.

#max_wal_senders = 10		# max number of walsender processes
				# (change requires restart)
				
##设置Wal段文件,64兆字节（默认16兆）				
#wal_keep_segments = 0		# in logfile segments; 0 disables


#wal_sender_timeout = 60s	# in milliseconds; 0 disables

#max_replication_slots = 10	# max number of replication slots
				# (change requires restart)
# 开启事务结束时间跟踪  				
track_commit_timestamp = on	# collect timestamp of transaction commit
				# (change requires restart)

# - Master Server -

# These settings are ignored on a standby server.

#synchronous_standby_names = ''	# standby servers that provide sync rep
				# method to choose sync standbys, number of sync standbys,
				# and comma-separated list of application_name
				# from standby(s); '*' = all
## 延迟100万个事务再回收垃圾,误操作后在1000个事务内,不要设置的太大要不然垃圾太多			
vacuum_defer_cleanup_age = 800	# number of xacts by which cleanup is delayed

# - Standby Servers -

# These settings are ignored on a master server.

#primary_conninfo = ''			# connection string to sending server
					# (change requires restart)
#primary_slot_name = ''			# replication slot on sending server
					# (change requires restart)
#promote_trigger_file = ''		# file name whose presence ends recovery
#hot_standby = on			# "off" disallows queries during recovery
					# (change requires restart)
#max_standby_archive_delay = 30s	# max delay before canceling queries
					# when reading WAL from archive;
					# -1 allows indefinite delay
#max_standby_streaming_delay = 30s	# max delay before canceling queries
					# when reading streaming WAL;
					# -1 allows indefinite delay
#wal_receiver_status_interval = 10s	# send replies at least this often
					# 0 disables
#hot_standby_feedback = off		# send info from standby to prevent
					# query conflicts
#wal_receiver_timeout = 60s		# time that receiver waits for
					# communication from master
					# in milliseconds; 0 disables
#wal_retrieve_retry_interval = 5s	# time to wait before retrying to
					# retrieve WAL after a failed attempt
#recovery_min_apply_delay = 0		# minimum delay for applying changes during recovery

# - Subscribers -

# These settings are ignored on a publisher.

#max_logical_replication_workers = 4	# taken from max_worker_processes
					# (change requires restart)
#max_sync_workers_per_subscription = 2	# taken from max_logical_replication_workers


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# QUERY TUNING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Planner Method Configuration -

#enable_bitmapscan = on
#enable_hashagg = on
#enable_hashjoin = on
#enable_indexscan = on
#enable_indexonlyscan = on
#enable_material = on
#enable_mergejoin = on
#enable_nestloop = on
#enable_parallel_append = on
#enable_seqscan = on
#enable_sort = on
#enable_tidscan = on
#enable_partitionwise_join = off
#enable_partitionwise_aggregate = off
#enable_parallel_hash = on
#enable_partition_pruning = on

# - Planner Cost Constants -

#seq_page_cost = 1.0			# measured on an arbitrary scale
#random_page_cost = 4.0			# same scale as above
#cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01			# same scale as above
#cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005		# same scale as above
#cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025		# same scale as above
#parallel_tuple_cost = 0.1		# same scale as above
#parallel_setup_cost = 1000.0	# same scale as above

#jit_above_cost = 100000		# perform JIT compilation if available
					# and query more expensive than this;
					# -1 disables
#jit_inline_above_cost = 500000		# inline small functions if query is
					# more expensive than this; -1 disables
#jit_optimize_above_cost = 500000	# use expensive JIT optimizations if
					# query is more expensive than this;
					# -1 disables

#min_parallel_table_scan_size = 8MB
#min_parallel_index_scan_size = 512kB
#effective_cache_size = 4GB

# - Genetic Query Optimizer -

#geqo = on
#geqo_threshold = 12
#geqo_effort = 5			# range 1-10
#geqo_pool_size = 0			# selects default based on effort
#geqo_generations = 0			# selects default based on effort
#geqo_selection_bias = 2.0		# range 1.5-2.0
#geqo_seed = 0.0			# range 0.0-1.0

# - Other Planner Options -

#default_statistics_target = 100	# range 1-10000
#constraint_exclusion = partition	# on, off, or partition
#cursor_tuple_fraction = 0.1		# range 0.0-1.0
#from_collapse_limit = 8
#join_collapse_limit = 8		# 1 disables collapsing of explicit
					# JOIN clauses
#force_parallel_mode = off
#jit = on				# allow JIT compilation
#plan_cache_mode = auto			# auto, force_generic_plan or
					# force_custom_plan


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# REPORTING AND LOGGING  错误报告和日志
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Where to Log -
# 多种方法来记录服务器消息
log_destination = 'stderr'		# Valid values are combinations of
					# stderr, csvlog, syslog, and eventlog,
					# depending on platform.  csvlog
					# requires logging_collector to be on.

# This is used when logging to stderr:
#打开日志文件覆盖而不是在日志文件里面追加内容	 一周一周的覆盖	
logging_collector = on			# Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
					# into log files. Required to be on for
					# csvlogs.
					# (change requires restart)

# These are only used if logging_collector is on:

#日志文件在哪个目录里创建,缺省是pg_log
#log_directory = 'log'			# directory where log files are written,
					# can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
					
#所创建的日志文件的文件名				
log_filename = 'postgresql-%a.log'	# log file name pattern,
					# can include strftime() escapes
#log_file_mode = 0600			# creation mode for log files,
					# begin with 0 to use octal notation
			
#log_truncate_on_rotation = on		# If on, an existing log file with the
					# same name as the new log file will be
					# truncated rather than appended to.
					# But such truncation only occurs on
					# time-driven rotation, not on restarts
					# or size-driven rotation.  Default is
					# off, meaning append to existing files
					# in all cases.
#log_rotation_age = 1d			# Automatic rotation of logfiles will
					# happen after that time.  0 disables.
#log_rotation_size = 0			# Automatic rotation of logfiles will
					# happen after that much log output.
					# 0 disables.

# These are relevant when logging to syslog:
#syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
#syslog_ident = 'postgres'
#syslog_sequence_numbers = on
#syslog_split_messages = on

# This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (win32):
# (change requires restart)
#event_source = 'PostgreSQL'

# - When to Log -

#log_min_messages = warning		# values in order of decreasing detail:
					#   debug5
					#   debug4
					#   debug3
					#   debug2
					#   debug1
					#   info
					#   notice
					#   warning
					#   error
					#   log
					#   fatal
					#   panic

#log_min_error_statement = error	# values in order of decreasing detail:
					#   debug5
					#   debug4
					#   debug3
					#   debug2
					#   debug1
					#   info
					#   notice
					#   warning
					#   error
					#   log
					#   fatal
					#   panic (effectively off)

#log_min_duration_statement = -1	# -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements
					# and their durations, > 0 logs only
					# statements running at least this number
					# of milliseconds

#log_transaction_sample_rate = 0.0	# Fraction of transactions whose statements
					# are logged regardless of their duration. 1.0 logs all
					# statements from all transactions, 0.0 never logs.

# - What to Log -

#debug_print_parse = off
#debug_print_rewritten = off
#debug_print_plan = off
#debug_pretty_print = on
#log_checkpoints = off
#log_connections = off
#log_disconnections = off
#log_duration = off
#log_error_verbosity = default		# terse, default, or verbose messages
#log_hostname = off
log_line_prefix = '%m [%p] '		# special values:
					#   %a = application name
					#   %u = user name
					#   %d = database name
					#   %r = remote host and port
					#   %h = remote host
					#   %p = process ID
					#   %t = timestamp without milliseconds
					#   %m = timestamp with milliseconds
					#   %n = timestamp with milliseconds (as a Unix epoch)
					#   %i = command tag
					#   %e = SQL state
					#   %c = session ID
					#   %l = session line number
					#   %s = session start timestamp
					#   %v = virtual transaction ID
					#   %x = transaction ID (0 if none)
					#   %q = stop here in non-session
					#        processes
					#   %% = '%'
					# e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
#log_lock_waits = off			# log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout
#log_statement = 'none'			# none, ddl, mod, all
#log_replication_commands = off
#log_temp_files = -1			# log temporary files equal or larger
					# than the specified size in kilobytes;
					# -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
log_timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# PROCESS TITLE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#cluster_name = ''			# added to process titles if nonempty
					# (change requires restart)
#update_process_title = on


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# STATISTICS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Query and Index Statistics Collector -

#track_activities = on
#track_counts = on
#track_io_timing = off
#track_functions = none			# none, pl, all
#track_activity_query_size = 1024	# (change requires restart)
#stats_temp_directory = 'pg_stat_tmp'


# - Monitoring -

#log_parser_stats = off
#log_planner_stats = off
#log_executor_stats = off
#log_statement_stats = off


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# AUTOVACUUM
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#是否开启运行自动清理
autovacuum = on			# Enable autovacuum subprocess?  'on'
					# requires track_counts to also be on.

#是否开启记录(这里就是一个自动清理耗时(>=你指定的时间)长记录或者冲突报错等等一些自动清理错误记录)					
#log_autovacuum_min_duration = -1	# -1 disables, 0 logs all actions and
					# their durations, > 0 logs only
					# actions running at least this number
					# of milliseconds.

#指定几个进程清理旧版本数据					
#autovacuum_max_workers = 3		# max number of autovacuum subprocesses
					# (change requires restart)

#间隔多少时间对当前活动的数据库发送清理垃圾工作进程,以数据库作为独立级别
#同时运行的工作进程总数受autovacuum_max_workers参数限制
#提高autovacuum_naptime，从而降低频繁扫描的概率。	
autovacuum_naptime = 5min		# time between autovacuum runs

#autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50	# min number of row updates before
					# vacuum
#autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50	# min number of row updates before
					# analyze
#autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2	# fraction of table size before vacuum
#autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1	# fraction of table size before analyze
#autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000	# maximum XID age before forced vacuum
					# (change requires restart)
#autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age = 400000000	# maximum multixact age
					# before forced vacuum
					# (change requires restart)
#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 2ms	# default vacuum cost delay for
					# autovacuum, in milliseconds;
					# -1 means use vacuum_cost_delay
#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1	# default vacuum cost limit for
					# autovacuum, -1 means use
					# vacuum_cost_limit


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Statement Behavior -

#client_min_messages = notice		# values in order of decreasing detail:
					#   debug5
					#   debug4
					#   debug3
					#   debug2
					#   debug1
					#   log
					#   notice
					#   warning
					#   error
#search_path = '"$user", public'	# schema names
#row_security = on
#default_tablespace = ''		# a tablespace name, '' uses the default
#temp_tablespaces = ''			# a list of tablespace names, '' uses
					# only default tablespace
#default_table_access_method = 'heap'
#check_function_bodies = on
#default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed'
#default_transaction_read_only = off
#default_transaction_deferrable = off
#session_replication_role = 'origin'
#statement_timeout = 0			# in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
#lock_timeout = 0			# in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
#idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = 0	# in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
# 事务年龄大于5000万时，才可能被抹去事务号。 
#vacuum_freeze_min_age = 50000000
#vacuum_freeze_table_age = 150000000
#vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age = 5000000
#vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age = 150000000
#vacuum_cleanup_index_scale_factor = 0.1	# fraction of total number of tuples
						# before index cleanup, 0 always performs
						# index cleanup
#bytea_output = 'hex'			# hex, escape
#xmlbinary = 'base64'
#xmloption = 'content'
#gin_fuzzy_search_limit = 0
#gin_pending_list_limit = 4MB

# - Locale and Formatting -

datestyle = 'iso, ymd'
#intervalstyle = 'postgres'
timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'
#timezone_abbreviations = 'Default'     # Select the set of available time zone
					# abbreviations.  Currently, there are
					#   Default
					#   Australia (historical usage)
					#   India
					# You can create your own file in
					# share/timezonesets/.
#extra_float_digits = 1			# min -15, max 3; any value >0 actually
					# selects precise output mode
#client_encoding = sql_ascii		# actually, defaults to database
					# encoding

# These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.
lc_messages = 'zh_CN.UTF-8'			# locale for system error message
					# strings
lc_monetary = 'zh_CN.UTF-8'			# locale for monetary formatting
lc_numeric = 'zh_CN.UTF-8'			# locale for number formatting
lc_time = 'zh_CN.UTF-8'				# locale for time formatting

# default configuration for text search
default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.simple'

# - Shared Library Preloading -

#shared_preload_libraries = ''	# (change requires restart)
#local_preload_libraries = ''
#session_preload_libraries = ''
#jit_provider = 'llvmjit'		# JIT library to use

# - Other Defaults -

#dynamic_library_path = '$libdir'


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOCK MANAGEMENT
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#deadlock_timeout = 1s
#max_locks_per_transaction = 64		# min 10
					# (change requires restart)
#max_pred_locks_per_transaction = 64	# min 10
					# (change requires restart)
#max_pred_locks_per_relation = -2	# negative values mean
					# (max_pred_locks_per_transaction
					#  / -max_pred_locks_per_relation) - 1
#max_pred_locks_per_page = 2            # min 0


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VERSION AND PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# - Previous PostgreSQL Versions -

#array_nulls = on
#backslash_quote = safe_encoding	# on, off, or safe_encoding
#escape_string_warning = on
#lo_compat_privileges = off
#operator_precedence_warning = off
#quote_all_identifiers = off
#standard_conforming_strings = on
#synchronize_seqscans = on

# - Other Platforms and Clients -

#transform_null_equals = off


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ERROR HANDLING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#exit_on_error = off			# terminate session on any error?
#restart_after_crash = on		# reinitialize after backend crash?
#data_sync_retry = off			# retry or panic on failure to fsync
					# data?
					# (change requires restart)


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CONFIG FILE INCLUDES
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# These options allow settings to be loaded from files other than the
# default postgresql.conf.  Note that these are directives, not variable
# assignments, so they can usefully be given more than once.

#include_dir = '...'			# include files ending in '.conf' from
					# a directory, e.g., 'conf.d'
#include_if_exists = '...'		# include file only if it exists
#include = '...'			# include file


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Add settings for extensions here