Spring的JDBC异常抽象

Spring 操作数据库

Spring 会将数据操作的异常转换为 DataAccessException，这样我们就不需要去强制捕获异常，如果在使用SQL语句的时候出现异常，Sprig能抛出内置的特定异常。
无论使用何种数据访问方式，都能使用一样的异常

定制错误码解析逻辑

在spring中，我们可以在sql-error-codes.xml中编写我们制定的异常。以h2数据库为例：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN 2.0//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans-2.0.dtd">

<beans>

    <bean id="H2" class="org.springframework.jdbc.support.SQLErrorCodes">
        <property name="badSqlGrammarCodes">//系统定制
            <value>42000,42001,42101,42102,42111,42112,42121,42122,42132</value>
        </property>
        <property name="duplicateKeyCodes">//系统定制
            <value>23001,23505</value>
        </property>
        <property name="dataIntegrityViolationCodes">//系统定制
            <value>22001,22003,22012,22018,22025,23000,23002,23003,23502,23503,23506,23507,23513</value>
        </property>
        <property name="dataAccessResourceFailureCodes">//系统定制
            <value>90046,90100,90117,90121,90126</value>
        </property>
        <property name="cannotAcquireLockCodes">//系统定制
            <value>50200</value>
        </property>
        <property name="customTranslations">  //自己定制
            <bean class="org.springframework.jdbc.support.CustomSQLErrorCodesTranslation">
                <property name="errorCodes" value="23001,23505" />
                <property name="exceptionClass"
                          value="geektime.spring.data.errorcodedemo.CustomDuplicatedKeyException" />
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

具体实现代码如下：

package geektime.spring.data.errorcodedemo;

import org.springframework.dao.DuplicateKeyException;

public class CustomDuplicatedKeyException extends DuplicateKeyException {
    public CustomDuplicatedKeyException(String msg) {
        super(msg);
    }

    public CustomDuplicatedKeyException(String msg, Throwable cause) {
        super(msg, cause);
    }
}


package geektime.spring.data.errorcodedemo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ErrorCodeDemoApplication {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(ErrorCodeDemoApplication.class, args);
	}
}


package geektime.spring.data.errorcodedemo;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ErrorCodeDemoApplicationTests {
	@Autowired
	private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

	@Test(expected = CustomDuplicatedKeyException.class)//期望某种异常，如果没有指定的异常，会测试不通过
	public void testThrowingCustomException() {
		jdbcTemplate.execute("INSERT INTO FOO (ID, BAR) VALUES (1, 'a')");
		jdbcTemplate.execute("INSERT INTO FOO (ID, BAR) VALUES (1, 'b')");
	}
}

执行ErrorCodeDemoApplicationTests 后，我们可以看到如下结果：
这说明，我们已经抛出期望的异常。