常用Windows系统API

一、内存映射

1. 创建内存映射并写入和读取数据

int sharedMemory()
{
	string strMapName("ShareMemory");                // 内存映射对象名称
	string strComData("This is common data!");        // 共享内存中的数据
	LPVOID pBuffer = nullptr;                         // 共享内存指针

	HANDLE hMap = ::OpenFileMapping(FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, 0, (LPCWSTR)strMapName.c_str());
	if (NULL == hMap)
	{
		//必须指定第5个参数才有效，打开文件最大的容量数据
		hMap = ::CreateFileMapping(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, NULL, PAGE_READWRITE, 0, strComData.length() + 1, (LPCWSTR)strMapName.c_str());
		if (hMap) {
			pBuffer = ::MapViewOfFile(hMap, FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, 0, 0, 0);
			strcpy((char*)pBuffer, strComData.c_str());
			cout << "写入共享内存数据：" << (char*)pBuffer << endl;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		if (hMap) {
			pBuffer = ::MapViewOfFile(hMap, FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, 0, 0, 0);
			cout << "读取共享内存数据：" << (char*)pBuffer << endl;
		}
	}

	getchar();

	// 解除文件映射，关闭内存映射文件对象句柄
	if (pBuffer != nullptr) {
		::UnmapViewOfFile(pBuffer);
	}

	if (NULL != hMap) {
		::CloseHandle(hMap);
	}

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

2. 创建文件映射，并写入数据

void  fileMapping()
{
	string strMapName("ShareMemory");      // 文件映射映射对象名称
	TCHAR* filePath = L"D:\\test.txt";    //其中的filePath必须为TChar 类型才有效，如 L"我的字符串" 表示将ANSI字符串转换成unicode的字符串，就是每个字符占用两个字节。  															 
	LPVOID pBuffer = nullptr;           // 共享内存指针

	HANDLE fileH = CreateFile(filePath, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, CREATE_NEW | TRUNCATE_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
	if (fileH == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		cout << "Error in CreateFile! " << GetLastError() << endl;
		return;
	}

	//必须指定第5个参数才有效，打开文件最大的容量数据
	HANDLE MapFileH = CreateFileMapping(fileH, NULL, PAGE_READWRITE, 0, 1024, (LPCWSTR)strMapName.c_str());
	if (MapFileH == NULL)
	{
		cout << "Error in CreateFileMapping! " << GetLastError() << endl;
		return;
	}

	HANDLE OpenMapH = OpenFileMapping(FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, true, (LPCWSTR)strMapName.c_str());
	if (OpenMapH == NULL)
	{
		cout << "Error in OpenFileMapping! " << GetLastError() << endl;
		return;
	}

	pBuffer = ::MapViewOfFile(OpenMapH, FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, 0, 0, 0);
	if (pBuffer) {
		strcpy((char*)pBuffer, "test file mapping\n");
	}

	if (nullptr != pBuffer) {
		UnmapViewOfFile(pBuffer);
	}

	if (NULL != OpenMapH) {
		::CloseHandle(OpenMapH);
	}

	if (NULL != fileH) {
		::CloseHandle(fileH);
	}
}