如何给run()方法传参
- 构造函数传参
- 成员变量传参
- 回调函数传参
如何实现处理线程的返回值
有时,程序的运行依赖子任务的返回值。当子任务交给子线程去完成的时候,需要获取他们的返回值,这就要考虑如何获取子线程的返回值。有三种解决方式
1.主线程等待法。
主线程循环等待,直到目标子线程返回值为止
public class CycleWait implements Runnable {
private String value;
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
value = "we have data now";
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CycleWait cw = new CycleWait();
Thread thread = new Thread(cw);
thread.start();
System.out.println("value: "+cw.value);
}
}
运行结果
value: null
main线程并没有等到子线程给value
赋值就往下执行了,没有获取到value的值,接下来代码改造
public class CycleWait implements Runnable {
private String value;
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
value = "we have data now";
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
CycleWait cw = new CycleWait();
Thread thread = new Thread(cw);
thread.start();
while (cw.value == null){
Thread.sleep(100);
}
System.out.println("value: "+cw.value);
}
}
打印结果
value: we have data now
通过判断cw的value值是否为null,如果为null,就一直将主线程休眠,知道子线程返回值。这就是主线程等待法。
优点
实现简单
缺点
- 需要自己实现循环等待的逻辑。当等待的变量增加,while中要判断的变量会增加,会非常臃肿。
- 等待的时间不确定,无法精准控制。比如等待中的100毫秒内有值,也无法将程序直接向下进行
使用Thread类的join()方法阻塞当前线程以等待子线程处理完毕
public class CycleWait implements Runnable {
private String value;
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
value = "we have data now";
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
CycleWait cw = new CycleWait();
Thread thread = new Thread(cw);
thread.start();
// while (cw.value == null){
// Thread.sleep(100);
// }
thread.join();
System.out.println("value: "+cw.value);
}
}
打印结果
value: we have data now
优点
实现简单,控制精准
缺点
粒度不够细。当主线程创建多个子线程时,判断某个线程返回值为某个值是,让另外子线程去run,这种更精准的依赖关系,join无法做到。
通过Callable接口实现:通过FutureTask Or 线程池获取
jdk5之前,线程是没有返回值的,想要获取返回值要大费周折
FutureTask
public class MyCallable implements Callable<String> {
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
String value = "test";
System.out.println("ready to work");
Thread.sleep(5000);
System.out.println("task done");
return value;
}
}
public class FutureTaskDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
FutureTask<String> task = new FutureTask<>(new MyCallable());
new Thread(task).start();
if (!task.isDone()){
System.out.println("not finish");
}
System.out.println("task return:" +task.get());
}
}
运行结果
not finish
ready to work
task done
task return:test
FutureTask
中有isDone()
方法判断FutureTask
构造方法传入的Callable
实现类是否执行完成。FutureTask
中get()
方法会阻塞当前线程,直到FutureTask
构造方法传入的Callable
实现类的call()
方法执行完毕,最后return返回值
线程池
public class ThreadPoolDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
Future<String> future = executorService.submit(new MyCallable());
if (!future.isDone()){
System.out.println("not finish");
}
try {
System.out.println(future.get());
} catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
executorService.shutdown();
}
}
}
打印结果
not finish
ready to work
task done
test
使用线程池,可以提交多个实现Callable的类,去让线程池并发的去处理结果。方便对实现Callable的类统一管理。