Python基础：元组、字典

# 元组：元组不能被修改
b=[1,2,3]
b[0]=100
print(b)
a=(1,2,3)
a[0]=100#在这步报错，因为元组不能被修改
print(a)

 

 

 

a=(1,2,3,5)

print(a[1])

for x in a:

    print(x)

i=0

while i<len(a):

    print("第{}个元素是{}".format(i+1,a[i]))

    i+=1

 

 

 

 

a=(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)

print(a[::2])

print(a[6:0:-1])

print(a[6::-1])

print(a[6:-2:-1])

 

 

 

 

a=(1,2,3)

print(type(a))

b=(1)

print(type(b))

c=(1,)#当只有一个元素时加一个逗号才是元组

print(type(c))

d=()#没有元素时依然是元组

print(type(d))

 

 

 

a,b=(1,2)

print(a)

print(b)

a,b=(1,2,3)

print(a)

print(b)

a,b="xy"

print(a)

print(b)

a,b="xyz"

print(a)

print(b)

 

 

 

a=(1,2,3)

b=[4,5,6]

b.extend(a)

print(b)

a.extend(b)#元组不可修改

print(a)

 

 

 

 

a=(1,2,3)

b=[4,5,6]

#变成b=[1,4,2,5,3,6]

i=0

for ys in a:

    b.insert(i,ys)

    i+=2

print(b)

 

 

 

 

# 二维列表

a=[[1,2,3],[4,5],["a","b"],[6]]

print(a,type(a))

i=0

while i<len(a):

    print(a[i],type(a[i]))

    i+=1

 

 

 

 

# while,while

a=[[1,2,3],[4,5],["a","b"],[6]]

i=0

while i<len(a):

    j=0

    while j<len(a[i]):

        print(a[i][j],type(a[i][j]),end="\t")

        j+=1

    print()

    i+=1

 

 

 

 

 

#while,for

a=[[1,2,3],[4,5],["a","b"],[6]]

i=0

while i<len(a):

    for j in a[i]:

        print(j,end=" ")

    print()

    i+=1

#for,while

# a=[[1,2,3],[4,5],["a","b"],[6]]

# for i in a:

#     j=0

#     while j<len(i):

#         print(i[j],end=" ")

#         j+=1

#     print()



#for,for

# a=[[1,2,3],[4,5],["a","b"],[6]]

# for i in a:

#     for j in i:

#         print(j,end=" ")

#     print()



# a=[[1,2,3],[4,5],["a","b"],[6]]

# for i in range(len(a)):

#     for j in range(len(a[i])):

#         print(a[i][j],end=" ")

#     print()



# a=[[1,2,3],[4,5],["a","b"],[6]]

# for i in range(len(a)):

#     j=0

#     while j<len(a[i]):

#         print(a[i][j],end=" ")

#         j+=1

#     print()



# a=[[1,2,3],[4,5],["a","b"],[6]]

# i=0

# while i<len(a):

#     for j in range(len(a[i])):

#         print(a[i][j],end=" ")

#     i+=1

#     print()

 

#a=[x,x,x,x,x],for i in a时i是a中的一个元素；for i i range(len(a))时i是a中元素的下标

 

 

 

 

#字典

a={"name":"张三","age":18,"address":"河北"}

print(a)

print(a["name"])

print(a["age"],type(a["age"]))

print(a["address"],type(a["address"]))

a["sex"]="男"

print(a)#字典可增加元素

a["age"]=22

print(a)#字典可修改元素

del a["age"]

print(a)

a.pop("name")

print(a)

a.remove("男")

print(a)

#del和pop可以删除元素,都需要输入key值；remove不能删除元素

 

 

 

 

b=dict(name="张三",age=18,address="河北")

print(b)

b["age"]=20

print(b)

b["sex"]="女"

print(b)

del b["address"]

print(b)

b.pop("name")

print(b)

print(b["name"])#查询不存在的元素时会报错：keyerror

 

 

 

 

b=dict(name="张三",age=18,address="河北")

print(b.get("name"))

print(b.get("sex"))

print(b.get("sex","男"))#使用.get时，若key值在原字典中不存在，则输出“男”,若key值在原字典中存在，则输入字典中的值

print(b.get("name","李四"))

print(b)#.get不修改字典中的值

 

 

 

 

b=dict(name="张三",age=18,address="河北")

print(b.keys(),type(b.keys()))#查询所有键

for i in b.keys():

    print(i,b[i])

print(b.values(),type(b.values()))#查询所有值

for j in b.values():

    print(j)

 

 

 

a={"name":"张三","age":18,"age":20}

print(a)#key相同时后面的值会覆盖前面的值

 

 

 

 

a={"name":"张三","age":18,"sex":"男"}

print(a.items(),type(a.items()))#item输出的是列表，列表中的每个元素都是元组，由键和值组成

for i in a.items():

    print(i)

    k,v=i

    print(k,v,type(k),type(v))

 

 

 

 

a={"name":"张三","age":18,"sex":"男"}

a.clear()

print(a)

 

 

 

a={"name":"张三","age":18,"sex":"男"}

print(a.pop("name"))

print(a)#pop可以删除并弹出

print(a.pop("address","meiyou"))#pop可以删除不存在的key和value，但是需要给value一个默认值,如果能找到值就不会输出“meiyou”

print(a.popitem())#删除末尾的key和value

 

 

 

a="nihao"*6

b="你好"+"北京"

print(a)

print(b)

 

 

 

 

a={

"001":{"name":"张三","age":18,"sex":"男","address":"北京"},

"002":{"name":"李四","age":20,"sex":"女","address":"河北"},

"003":{"name":"王五","age":28,"sex":"男","address":"北京"}

}

for i in a.items():

    k,v=i

    print(k,end=" ")

    for j in v.items():

        k1,v1=j

        print(v1,end=" ")

    print()

# for k1,v1 in a.items():

#     print(k1,end=" ")

#     for k2,v2 in v1.items():

#         print(v2,end=" ")

#     print()

# for k in a.keys():

#     print(k,end=" ")

#     for k1 in a[k].keys():

#         print(k1,a[k][k1],end=" ")

#     print()

# for k in a.keys():

#     print(k,end=" ")

#     for v1 in a[k].values():

#         print(v1,end=" ")

#     print()

# for k,v in a.items():

#     print(k,end=" ")

#     for k1,v1 in v.items():

#         print(k1,v1,end=" ")

#     print()

 

 

 

 

#所有地址是北京的，每人发房补10000("house":10000)

a={

"001":{"name":"张三","age":18,"sex":"男","address":"北京"},

"002":{"name":"李四","age":20,"sex":"女","address":"河北"},

"003":{"name":"王五","age":28,"sex":"男","address":"北京"}

}

for k,v in a.items():

    print(k, end=" ")

    if v["address"]=="北京":

        v["house"]=10000

    print(v)

for k,v in a.items():

#     print(k,end=" ")

#     if v["address"]=="北京":

#         v["house"]=10000

#     for k1,v1 in v.items():

#         print(k1,v1,end=" ")

#     print()

#

# for k in a.keys():

#     if a[k]["address"]=="北京":

#         a[k]["house"]=10000

# for k1,v1 in a.items():

#     print(k1,end=" ")

#     for k2,v2 in v1.items():

#         print(k2,v2,end=" ")

#     print()