openssl证书生成原理

生成秘钥，证书
第一步，为服务器端和客户端准备公钥、私钥：

生成服务器端私钥

openssl genrsa -out server.key 1024

生成服务器端公钥

openssl rsa -in server.key -pubout -out server.pem

生成客户端私钥

openssl genrsa -out client.key 1024

生成客户端公钥

openssl rsa -in client.key -pubout -out client.pem
第二步，生成 CA 证书：

生成 CA 私钥

openssl genrsa -out ca.key 1024

X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.

openssl req -new -key ca.key -out ca.csr

X.509 Certificate Data Management.

openssl x509 -req -in ca.csr -signkey ca.key -out ca.crt
在执行第二步时会出现：

➜ keys openssl req -new -key ca.key -out ca.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank.

Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:Zhejiang
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Hangzhou
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:My CA
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:localhost
Email Address []:
输入一些用户名、地址信息
第三步，生成服务器端证书和客户端证书

服务器端需要向 CA 机构申请签名证书，在申请签名证书之前依然是创建自己的 CSR 文件

openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr

向自己的 CA 机构申请证书，签名过程需要 CA 的证书和私钥参与，最终颁发一个带有 CA 签名的证书

openssl x509 -req -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -in server.csr -out server.crt

client 端

openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr

client 端到 CA 签名

openssl x509 -req -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -in client.csr -out client.crt