ObjectInputStream 和 ObjectOutStream流

1. 简介

对象流:ObjectInputStream 和 ObjectOutStream,DataInputStream/DataOutputStream流只是解决了Java8种基础数据类型的流,而对象流不仅仅有读写Java的8种基础数据类型还可以将一个实例化的对象写入磁盘。

  1. 序列化:将一个实例化对象写入磁盘叫做序列化。

  2. 反序列化:将一个写入磁盘的的实例化读取出来转化为一个对象叫做反序列化。

  3. 需要序列化的对象类一定要实现Serializable接口。


2. 序列化(ObjectOutputStream)

  1. ObjectOutputStream流是一个字节流,所以它是基于字节的。构造方法里面需要传入一个OutputStream对象。

  2. ObjectOutputStream流和DataOutputStream流一样,写入文件的数据会出现乱码的情况。

  3. 需要实例化的类一定要实现Serializable接口

import java.io.*;
/*
    ObjectOutputStream实现对象的序列化
    需要序列化的对象类一定要实现Serializable接口
 */
class Student implements Serializable {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}';
    }
}

public class Demo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(
                    new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
            Student zhangsan = new Student("zhangsan",22);
            oos.writeObject(zhangsan);
            oos.flush();
            System.out.println("序列化完成!");
            oos.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

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3. 反序列化(ObjectInputStream流)

import java.io.*;
class Student implements Serializable {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}';
    }
}

public class Demo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try{
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(
                    new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
            Student zhangsan = new Student("zhangsan",22);
            oos.writeObject(zhangsan);
            System.out.println("序列化完成!");

            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(
                    new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
            Student s = (Student) ois.readObject();

            ois.close();
            System.out.println(s.toString());
            System.out.println("反序列化完成!");
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

4. 序列化和反序列化注意事项

  1. 序列化的类一定要实现Serializable接口。

  2. 序列化类中的对象属性也要求实现Serializable接口。

import java.io.*;
class Person{

}
class Student implements Serializable {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Person person;
    public Student(String name, int age,Person person) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.person = person;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + ", person=" + person + '}';
    }
}

public class Demo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try{
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(
                    new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
            Student zhangsan = new Student("zhangsan",22,new Person());
            oos.writeObject(zhangsan);
            System.out.println("序列化完成!");

            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(
                    new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
            Student s = (Student) ois.readObject();

            ois.close();
            System.out.println(s.toString());
            System.out.println("反序列化完成!");
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

在这里插入图片描述


  1. serialVersionUID是序列化版本号ID,用来保证序列化的类和反序列化的类是同一个。如果反序列化和序列化写入的ID不匹配那么会报出异常。
import java.io.*;
class Student implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 50L;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}';
    }
}

public class Demo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try{

            //最开始已经写入一个没有设置serialVersionUID的 Student{name='zhangsan', age=22}
            //然后我们设置serialVersionUID = 50L   再去反序列化
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(
                    new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
            Student s = (Student) ois.readObject();

            ois.close();
            System.out.println(s.toString());
            System.out.println("反序列化完成!");
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

在这里插入图片描述


  1. transient修饰的属性 和 static修饰的属性无法被序列化。
import java.io.*;

class Student3 implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 50L;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private transient int id;
    private static String classname = "一班";
    public Student3(String name, int age, int id) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.id = id;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student3{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + ", id=" + id + '}';
    }
}
public class Demo03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try{
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(
                    new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
            Student3 zhangsan = new Student3("zhangsan",22,1);
            oos.writeObject(zhangsan);
            System.out.println("序列化完成!");

            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(
                    new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
            Student3 s = (Student3) ois.readObject();

            ois.close();
            System.out.println(s.toString());
            System.out.println("反序列化完成!");
        } catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

  1. 序列化多个对象可以使用一些实现了Serializable接口的集合类来完成。比如ArrayList类。
import java.io.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;

class Student4 implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 50L;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    public Student4(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student4{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}';
    }
}
public class Demo04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try{
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(
                    new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
            Student4 zhangsan = new Student4("zhangsan",22);
            Student4 lisi = new Student4("lisi",21);


            ArrayList<Student4> list = new ArrayList<>();
            list.add(zhangsan);
            list.add(lisi);

            oos.writeObject(list);
            System.out.println("序列化完成!");

            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(
                    new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
            list = (ArrayList<Student4>)ois.readObject();
            System.out.println(list.toString());
            System.out.println("反序列化完成!");
            ois.close();
        } catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述



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