1. 简介
对象流:ObjectInputStream 和 ObjectOutStream,DataInputStream/DataOutputStream流只是解决了Java8种基础数据类型的流,而对象流不仅仅有读写Java的8种基础数据类型还可以将一个实例化的对象写入磁盘。
-
序列化:将一个实例化对象写入磁盘叫做序列化。
-
反序列化:将一个写入磁盘的的实例化读取出来转化为一个对象叫做反序列化。
-
需要序列化的对象类一定要实现Serializable接口。
2. 序列化(ObjectOutputStream)
-
ObjectOutputStream流是一个字节流,所以它是基于字节的。构造方法里面需要传入一个OutputStream对象。
-
ObjectOutputStream流和DataOutputStream流一样,写入文件的数据会出现乱码的情况。
-
需要实例化的类一定要实现Serializable接口。
import java.io.*;
/*
ObjectOutputStream实现对象的序列化
需要序列化的对象类一定要实现Serializable接口
*/
class Student implements Serializable {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student() {
}
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}';
}
}
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
Student zhangsan = new Student("zhangsan",22);
oos.writeObject(zhangsan);
oos.flush();
System.out.println("序列化完成!");
oos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
3. 反序列化(ObjectInputStream流)
import java.io.*;
class Student implements Serializable {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student() {
}
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}';
}
}
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
Student zhangsan = new Student("zhangsan",22);
oos.writeObject(zhangsan);
System.out.println("序列化完成!");
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(
new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
Student s = (Student) ois.readObject();
ois.close();
System.out.println(s.toString());
System.out.println("反序列化完成!");
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
4. 序列化和反序列化注意事项
-
序列化的类一定要实现Serializable接口。
-
序列化类中的对象属性也要求实现Serializable接口。
import java.io.*;
class Person{
}
class Student implements Serializable {
private String name;
private int age;
private Person person;
public Student(String name, int age,Person person) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.person = person;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + ", person=" + person + '}';
}
}
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
Student zhangsan = new Student("zhangsan",22,new Person());
oos.writeObject(zhangsan);
System.out.println("序列化完成!");
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(
new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
Student s = (Student) ois.readObject();
ois.close();
System.out.println(s.toString());
System.out.println("反序列化完成!");
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
- serialVersionUID是序列化版本号ID,用来保证序列化的类和反序列化的类是同一个。如果反序列化和序列化写入的ID不匹配那么会报出异常。
import java.io.*;
class Student implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 50L;
private String name;
private int age;
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}';
}
}
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
//最开始已经写入一个没有设置serialVersionUID的 Student{name='zhangsan', age=22}
//然后我们设置serialVersionUID = 50L 再去反序列化
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(
new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
Student s = (Student) ois.readObject();
ois.close();
System.out.println(s.toString());
System.out.println("反序列化完成!");
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
- transient修饰的属性 和 static修饰的属性无法被序列化。
import java.io.*;
class Student3 implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 50L;
private String name;
private int age;
private transient int id;
private static String classname = "一班";
public Student3(String name, int age, int id) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.id = id;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student3{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + ", id=" + id + '}';
}
}
public class Demo03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
Student3 zhangsan = new Student3("zhangsan",22,1);
oos.writeObject(zhangsan);
System.out.println("序列化完成!");
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(
new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
Student3 s = (Student3) ois.readObject();
ois.close();
System.out.println(s.toString());
System.out.println("反序列化完成!");
} catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
- 序列化多个对象可以使用一些实现了Serializable接口的集合类来完成。比如ArrayList类。
import java.io.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
class Student4 implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 50L;
private String name;
private int age;
public Student4(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student4{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}';
}
}
public class Demo04 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
Student4 zhangsan = new Student4("zhangsan",22);
Student4 lisi = new Student4("lisi",21);
ArrayList<Student4> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(zhangsan);
list.add(lisi);
oos.writeObject(list);
System.out.println("序列化完成!");
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(
new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\IO\\stu.txt"));
list = (ArrayList<Student4>)ois.readObject();
System.out.println(list.toString());
System.out.println("反序列化完成!");
ois.close();
} catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}