python学习Day7-字典

字典结构（key:value）

tang = {}

type(tang)

dict

字典初始化（不建议）

tang = dict()
type(tang)

dict

tang = dict([('tang',12),('yu',34)])
tang

{'tang': 12, 'yu': 34}

字典结构操作

赋值（键值唯一）

tang['first'] = 123
tang

{'first': 123}

tang['second'] = 456
tang

{'first': 123, 'second': 456}

tang['first'] = 123
tang

{'first': 123, 'second': 456}

取值

tang['second']

456

更新键值

tang['second'] = 789
tang

{'first': 123, 'second': 789}

3.6之前字典无序

• 在3.6版本之后字典有序

tang = {'tang':123,'yu':456,'di':789}
tang

{'tang': 123, 'yu': 456, 'di': 789}

• 索引要用键

tang[0]

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

KeyError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-14-63a9ea6f1cbb> in <module>
----> 1 tang[0]


KeyError: 0

tang['tang']

123

字典的数值类型

tang_value = [1,2,3]
tang = {}
tang['first'] = tang_value
tang['second'] = 3
tang['third'] = 'kai'
tang

{'first': [1, 2, 3], 'second': 3, 'third': 'kai'}

字典嵌套

tang = {}
d1 = {'first':13,'second':45}
d2 = {'first1':78,'second2':90}
tang['test1'] = d1
tang['test2'] = d2
tang

{'test1': {'first': 13, 'second': 45}, 'test2': {'first1': 78, 'second2': 90}}

字典索引

• key值下标或get方法

tang = {'first':123,'second':456}

tang['first']

123

tang.get('first')

123

tang['kai']

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

KeyError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-25-80602900b100> in <module>
----> 1 tang['kai']


KeyError: 'kai'

tang.get('kai','没有')

'没有'

弹出（pop）

tang.pop('first')

123

tang

{'second': 456}

删除

del tang['second']

tang

{}

字典更新

tang = {'first':123,'second':456}
tang1 = {'first':789,'third':'新增'}

tang.update(tang1)
tang

{'first': 789, 'second': 456, 'third': '新增'}

判断key是否在字典中（in）

'first' in tang

True

'forth' in tang

False

打印所有的键

tang.keys()

dict_keys(['first', 'second', 'third'])

打印所有的键值

tang.values()

dict_values([789, 456, '新增'])

打印键和键值组合

tang.items()

dict_items([('first', 789), ('second', 456), ('third', '新增')])

未完待续